Environmental Scan Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 2

Environmental Scan Paper - Essay ExampleThis query centres on the environmental scan of the internal and external environments of two real-world organizations, their competitive edges and firm strategies for developing observe and sustaining competitiveness.Scanning of the environment particularly the internal organizational environment mainly looks at culture of the firm, the relations between employees, management and the shareholders. Moreover, it will also focus on the organizational structure, access to natural resources and proceeds awareness. On the other hand, scanning of the external organizational environment dwells on the industry analysis, national and macro-environment. sedulousness environmental analysis evaluates the level of competition of the company and that of its rivals. The national environment examines the effect of the national good example for enabling an organization accomplishes competitive edge on the international scale. The macro-environment reveals the social, legal, political, economic and political effects on the functioning of an organization. apple Inc. is a global organization with deals with computer software, consumer electronics and communication servers (Kang, 2013). The primary apple products embarrass iPad, iPod, iPhone, and Macintosh computer. The company was officially registered by its original founders in 1977 in California and has been operating since its incorporation. Apple employs environmental scan to evaluate its business. The firm has been effective in the technology industry in which it operates. The success of this company is mainly attributed to its revolutionary ideas and capability to bring ideas to reality, revealing a sound business strategy. inhering environmentThe internal environment of Apple is characterized by dynamism, creativity, and flexibility. The organization internal environment has been built much(prenominal) that it promotes its workforce to participate in branding of the company image (Kang, 2013). Apple appreciates its employees for

Chapter 6 and ch 9 Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Chapter 6 and ch 9 - Article ExampleThe persona study has rightly highlighted the plea of an 80-year-old woman, who could not handle the live coffee properly, resulting in her splitting same on her ankles. The judge has passed the right decision. However, there cannot be some(prenominal) hard rules that can specify the ethical responsibilities to be matched with the product quality, as each individual case is different.This is a case of might is right. The bigger companies with huge funds for marketplace promotion procedure slotting fees phenomenon as a method to increase their sales volume. However, this keeps the smaller and medium manufacturers out of the competition. On the early(a) hand, the customers who are satisfied with lesser-known brands may not be able to find these products on the shelves of a store. The market economy does not require that bigger sharks eat away the smaller fishes. Instead, it allows the fair competition to modernise in a healthy manner. In addit ion, the established companies may not even try to cleanse their product quality as they ensure their increased sales through such

Carrer alternatives analysis report Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Carrer alternatives analysis report - Case dissect ExampleJob prospects 11 Salary 12 actuarial profession 13 Job responsibilities of an actuary 13 Working Conditions 14 Educational qualification 14 Licenses and other qualifications 15 Job prospects 15 Salary 16 Recommendations and Conclusion 16 References 18 Executive Summary The role and scope of a finance professional in the present economic conditions includes pricing of new products, price classification, forecasting challenges and issues in the operating environment, planning strategic moves, estimating the size and extent of loss distribution, establishing loss reserves, monitoring solvency, calculating support levels, and assessing the credibility of projects and transactions. The existing business environment has presented the memorial tablets with numerous complexities that act as constraints in implementing new policies and strategies man at the same time presenting increased opportunities to expand and grow. The expos ure to risk has increased manifolds that require expeditious models for rating and assessing the feasibility of operations (beanactuary.com, 2009). The report provides an in-depth assessment of two career alternatives Finance Controller and Actuaries. cornerstone A career in finance and accounting is gaining popularity. In any go with or an organization the study of the numbers or finance is the most crucial and important decision. This is used to gauge what and where the company is heading to. This guides the management to take further actions pertaining to the interest of the company. The study of the market, investment plans, investment brokers etc are nigh of the arrear which a person can opt for in the field of finance. The increasing range of products and services offered by fiscal services today and the growing complexity of the operating... According to the research findings the role and demand of the financial controllers and the actuaries is a continuous process. The job seekers are likely to face competition in the field of accounting. For the financial controller, the knowledge of finance, a complex financial instrument etc is a mandate and for the actuarial a unwavering foundation in mathematics is essential. Both the roles are of utmost importance to a company or an organization. The difference is the nature of work. A financial controller is expected to regulate, guide the financial condition of an organization. An Actuarial helps the companies to develop health and long term insurance policies by their calculations and predictions. A Finance Controller testamenting help the company by calculating and evaluating the numbers obtained and by predicting the performance based on these measurements. An Actuarial helps both the company and the consumer as it keeps a check on the number of the occurrence of a unhealthiness and helps the companies by calculating the premium based on which the company itself can survive even in any odd situatio n. The emerging times that are characterized by tough economic conditions and financial challenges will witness an increasing demand for actuaries. Monetary and fiscal policies are highly instrumental in rule the countrys economy and creating market stability. The impact of these changes on the Actuarial profession is visible in the increasing demand for individual practitioners and consultants who can provide adequate support to organizations and managers in the decision making process.

Intellectual property right Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Intellectual property right - Assignment ExampleTo a certain extent, it prevents the plethora of akin intersections. It helps an organization to remain unique in its own products. This paper discusses the necessity of wiliness-Related Aspects of Intellectual shoes Rights (TRIPS) and how it provides nigh protection for traditional knowledge as well as patents.The Trade Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) is an international agreement, administered by the World Trade Organization (WTO). It annotates minimum standards and guidelines for the various forms of intellectual property (IP) regulations, for nations who be signatories of the WTO. TRIPS came into existence in 1994, through the negotiations in the final stages of the Uruguay Round of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT), guaranteeing protection for many things. When the Uruguay Round concluded and the Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS Agreement) was pu t into ability in 1994 many believed that it is a step towards reaching a global solution for many product violation cases. (Alsegard 2004). Trips recommends all its signatory nations to follow and bring into effect the laws protecting intellectual property of various organizations, countries or individuals. The signatories consist of 153 countries, which represents close to 95% of total world trade. These countries can be assured of, if or when they implement TRIPs, will be the avoidance of the economic and trade sanctions which industrialised countries would be entitled to claver under the terms of GATT. (McGrath 1996). There are certain standards which the nations laws should meet with regards to IP rights including copyright rights, like the rights of performers including medicine artists, films, geographical indications, trademarks, etc, etc. These standards are stipulated by the TRIPS. Hence the WTOs TRIPS agreement aims to facilitate the protection of rights in a more effic ient way and so that it can be

Dating and Mating Relationship from Christian Standpoint Essay

Dating and Mating Relationship from Christian Standpoint - Essay ExampleThe procedures taken by the current generation have left them with bewilderment, pain, and sexual sin that they have had to encounter in nastiness of their best objectives. Reasons for such occurrences are pointed bulge in the subsequent body text.The amalgamation of sex organs for two persons that are sexually active for insemination purpose is referred to as copulation. The process consequently results in an sexual fertilization process. In the contemporary world, men and women engage in a process of looking out for spouses with the aim of getting into marriage (Burton, 2010). However, the process raises numerous questions. The Christian religion professes that selection of a feller according to the Bible t from each oneings should assist in securing an individual a perfect match for his or her values. steady though the terms dating and mating are not found in the Bible, Christians are presented with some( prenominal) guiding principles that they should adhere to prior to getting married.Whenever an individual is strongly committed in a relationship, be it mating and dating relationship, he or she should endeavor to acknowledge the Lord. In addition, individuals should adore and respect each other just in a similar manner they do to themselves. The condition is certainly point on for a dating or mating relationship. Biblical principles present a perfect commission of having a secure basis for a dating or mating relationship

Why is China characterised as a 'Party-State' Essay

Why is China characterised as a Party-State - Essay Example(Haggett, 20022386). Facts surrounding the general governance of such a large kingdom agree it is a complex matter to deal with. Formal examinations done in a consequence of cities within China conform to this claim. However, putting focus on structural company membership shows that what is incident is largely contributing to state- society character. This is evident in that, the State of China has a system of governance that does not allow any other candidate to vie for any seat in the general elections since it is a single-party state. Reformers characterize Peoples Republic of China as a state-party country due to some(prenominal) factors. For instance, since 1949 there has been only one party command all over the State of China (Shambaugh, 2009 4). This party, Chinese Communist Party, often deals with dissents brutally and does not tolerate opposition. This State has bodies that that facilitate adjacent ruling passi m different channels of command within all its governing arms that include judiciary, legislature, and executive. There atomic number 18 also other governing organizations and bodies in China that include politburo, national concourses congress, courts and prosecutors, party elders, discipline commission, state council, military affairs commission, armed forces, and provinces and townships all charged with different powers and tasks. The most higher-ranking organization or body, politburo, is in charge of decision-making with its members facing no competition from anyone during elections, thanks to their survival instincts in a political culture whereby saying anything wrong can result to a life nether house-arrest, or even worse. Politburos also make it to the top due to their abilities as well as their patrons support. It is the ruling party that dominates the over all outcome of these decisions made by the politburo. Additionally, people characterize Peoples Republic of China as state-partied because power stems in a dynasty for long. What elaborates this is the force granted to administrators serving in the ruling party. Influence of leaders runs across all those loyalties created by him or her within the organization of a family. In this case, Chinese belief that personal relationship with leaders from the ruling party counts more than a title of a job. A distinctive example of such scenarios is the way Deng Xiaoping continued being a paramount leader even after resigning from all his official post long ago. This reveals the reason why elders in the party are critical during critical decision-making. Moreover, the ruling party, Chinese Communist Party, established measures to restrain the rising focus on ways of making China a multi-party state, as they would mean competition. Therefore, the party is strengthening its organizational tools by extending further to involve successful businesspersons in its organization. Within China, there is an active belief that Chinese Communist Party is a by-gone thing and can barely withstand or survive in the worlds modern globalization process (Burns, 2003776). Nevertheless, the party is assuring itself continuum by reaching and gaining enough strength from other organizations and institutions within the new social strata of Chinas executives. Consequently, from peoples perspective, it is a redefined but still a centralized government. In addition, is has a central fictional character from the same party, which has been in existence for a long time, hence characterized as a state-party country (Sato & Eto, 2008654). political analysts characterize the State of China as a state-party country since independent candidates are facing scare off obstacles to their wish in becoming leaders in People

Business Case of Curtin Hospital Research Paper

Business Case of Curtin Hospital - Research root ExampleTo adapt to the substantial growth of the business, Curtin hospital needs to take technological help to garnish the workload of its employees. The business case study deals with the implementation of a clinical terminology system which will work in the background of the EDIS. The product will also feature ICD-10-AM mapping including the full flesh out of the coding rules. The case study revolve aroundes on the feasibility of the above mentioned system. The procedures applied for the case study underwent the picking evaluation and came out with results favoring the implementation against the hiring of new personnel to reduce the workload and increase the effectiveness of the operation. The advantages and the disadvantages twain in respect of the patients and the hospital authority were considered. Though the cost factor was significant enough and turn up to be a major concern for the hospital authority but the preferred op tion which evaluated from the comparative analysis was significantly in favor of the ICD-10- AM encoder. The favorability of the project led to the devising of the project oversight strategy. Various areas relating to the implementations of the project were considered and their planning was done accordingly. Areas like manpower requirement, Funding of the project, operational policies and some other tender implications were considered and results raised concern for the future funding to be required for careful maintenance of the project, while other areas had satisfactory management control. Based on the plans for implementation, the milestones and stages of implementation were chalked out and the project was scheduled to be in full fledged operation in three months from the date of installation. In the stages of implementation much focus was given on the review stage and the benefit realization plan to access the benefits arising out of the project. T was noted that the benefit s and the time taken to achieve them were satisfactory. The case study also focused on the risks to be associated with the project and clearly identified them on with their mitigation strategy. Every aspect of successful implementation were cautiously analyzed in the case study. Introduction Curtin hospital is a leading emergency and the elective posture hospital known for providing the best attend to to the community of Western Australia. It covers a community of people bread and butter in rural and remote area. The recent projects undertaken by the hospital includes research and the teaching activities. The popularity of the health service provided has become immensely popular over the years and most of the people choose Curtin hospital as their favorable destination for treatment. Curtin hospital has to deal with a large number of patients each day and they were flavour for the automation in the business. In the process of the automation building they are looking to install a clinical coding system which carries out its performance with the help of ICD-10-AM which are used to interpret the correct code and looks to minimize the errors and cutoff the overtimes. The hospital will also provide morbidity data in a timely manner and carry out its work with the objective of the Health Information Centre. telescope ICD-10-AM encoder is designed to provide the full coding rules and application relating to the clinical communication and retains all the data stored along with the concepts. The clinical data under the implementation of the system will consist of all the minute flesh out of the

The Effects of Rap Music on Violent Behavior among African American Research Proposal

The Effects of Rap Music on Violent Behavior among African American Teenagers - Research Proposal ExampleRap music is gaining popularity and impulse day by day, leaving parents, government officials and health authorities worried about the consequences of watching this rebound of music genre. This is because this form of music has some components of strong-growingness and sexual activities in the lyrics and video which can blow up teenagers to perform immoral acts because of fantasizing and role modeling. The beat, rhythm and lyrics of the songs brighten the listeners listen to the water tap songs again and again and make them feel that the content of the songs is the realistic form of the outside world. Many studies come reported various effect of work stoppage music on the adolescents and youth who watch and listen to them. Some of the effects include militant behaviors, poor academic performance, health-risk behaviors and suicidal ideation. Of these, aggressive and viole nt behaviors are very important because, they can have a devastating impact on the society. Rap music has its origins from the African-American community and it is interesting to recognize what effects this genre of music has on the population from where it has come. Thus this research aims to explore the effects of rap music on the violent behaviour of the African American teenagers. The study exit be a prospective study over 12 months period. The enrolled participants will be asked to record the number of hours they listen to rap music or watch music video and the type of songs they view or listen. After 12 months, the outcomes will be measured. The main outcome that will be measured is violent or aggressive behavior. Other measures which will be measured include academic performance, sexual practices and behavioural problems. The data will be analysed using univariate and covariate analyses.

Evil in St.Augustine's Confessions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Evil in St.Augustines Confessions - undertake ExampleHe proposed many interesting arguments. This theme was important for Augustine as he was very revolting until realize the essence of perfection and religion. His theory is very valuable as it serves as the basis for Christian knowledge. However, as every theory, the ideas of Augustine is not fully accepted and actively criticized.The presence of dear and evil in the world is obvious, but what are the relations between them? Many experts emphasize the conflict between easily and evil. The chief(prenominal) statement of St. Augustine is that evil is simply the absence of good. This presumption has a long history. It is a considerably known fact that St. Augustine was initially a Manichean and became Christian only after he realized the drawbacks of Persian Dualism religion- Manichaeism. The main idea of this religion lies in the belief in two gods, who represent good and evil. In this religion we can see the struggle between the light and darkness. St. Augustine scrutinized Christianity and rejected Manichaeism. He claimed that in this world there could be only one god, a good one. beau ideal and the world that he created are the main aspects of the philosophy of Augustine and the relations between them deserve special attention. Augustine argued that the world is the creation of God, God does not depend on the world and the world is fully dependent on God. Creating human soul, God initially incorporated in it the striving for happiness as the main goal in a mans life. That is why a man must use all the abilities of his soul to contact the happiness. Happiness itself consists in the maximum cognition of God and in this case the human reason becomes the main basis for belief. That is why belief is the foundation and the initial point for cognition. Cognition without the belief is sinful.The supreme influence of cognition is divine inspiration given by God to humans, who have strong belief. This

Week 6 class discussions Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Week 6 class discussions - Assignment ExampleWatermarking communication usually takes value in a one-to-many communication outline while steganography communication takes place in a point-to-point communication. some(prenominal) stenography and watermarking hide the content and existence of the message while cryptography hides the content but not the existence of the message, they are therefore mutually exclusive (Stefan & Fabien, 2000). Watermarking, cryptography, and stenography aim at securing messages from attackers.The benefits of ADS outweigh the risks as files can be hidden on an NTFS hard disk in a way that is unwieldy to detect as long as there are proper security features to handle them and system administrators are aware of the streams. If Microsoft discontinues support of ADS in future versions of its operating system, the forensic industry would suffer a big blow as it would not be able to find most of the copies of some graze for its forensic investigations. This i s because streams are retained if a file is copied with ADS to another NTFS, which is very important for forensics.The most real obstacle to successful backing up data and/or recovering data for forensic investigators is neediness of cooperation from the management (Wiles & Rogers, 2007). The management is responsible at providing funds and direction regarding backing up and recovering of data. However, cod to many computer malpractices many managers get involved into, they fear that they might be caught one twenty-four hours when a forensic investigation is make and therefore might not fully cooperate in regard to backing up and recovering done for forensic purposes.Forensic investigation is normally done to unearth the vices done in an organization. The results of forensic investigation are normally taken to law courts for wakeless actions to be taken. In the event that a system forensic is to be done, many people in the case normally do the much they can to destroy evidence in the computers. They do this by destroying computer systems, deleting

Sturken and Cartwright's Account of Ideological Considerations Essay

Sturken and Cartwrights Account of Ideological Considerations - Essay display caseThough films and television programs still use similar techniques as those from the OJ Simpson era, News Media at least must(prenominal) have gotten better, right? The question is both yes and no. In the recent Trayvon Martin scandal, than man that admitted to killing him, George Zimmerman, had some of his own pictures portrayed throughout the media. While media did not make the explicitly editorial decisions they made in the OJ Simpson case. This essay will not discuss the particulars of the horrible tragedy that occurred on the night that Trayvon Martin was killed, but rather the editorial picks that occurred in the portrayal of George Zimmerman. The choice of photographs used on television or intelligence agency portrayals of the man, however, were chosen specifically to underline his supposed guilt or innocence. The most commonly used compass of George Zimmerman, particularly immediately af ter the tragedy, was a mug shot for an unrelated incident some days before, presented below. The choice to use this image immediately was somewhat understandable mug shots are quite accessible to news media, and this would have been ane of the only pictures available in the opening hours of the tragedy. Quickly, however, some former(a) images began becoming available, including the one presented left. Both pictures represent George Zimmermans likeness fairly well, and they even have somewhat similar framing. Upon the second, and many other photos wide use in news media, however, the mug shot image continued to be used quite a great deal. The choice of which photos to used represented an ideological slant on the case in fairly clear ways. The initial photograph of George Zimmerman is clearly identifiable as a mug shot taken by police during an investigation. There are very few other cases in which a subject would be framed so narrowly (as for an identification) on a livid backgro und with a flat, unsmiling face. Furthermore, and unofortunately for Zimmerman, he was wearing a particularly brightly colored orange shirt on the day that the photograph was taken. Orange is constantly used throughout American prisons as a way to identify prisoners should they escape, make them readily viewable from a distance if the correctional officer needs to see the, and so forth. An unsmiling face, as is used in a mug-shot, also frequently makes people look cold or mean, because there is a social more that people in photographs smile. Finally, the last aspect is the color of Zimmermans skin. Zimmerman, a white Hispanic, had parts of his skin look oft darker because of the contrast from the glare on his cheeks, which also highlighted his black hair. As ironic as it is to racially visibility a person accused of killing through racial profiling, many viewers probably machine-accessible Zimmermans ethnic heritage, especially in the context of a mug shot, with criminality, dev iancy, violence or other social ills. Zimmermans second and other subsequent photos differ greatly. He is smiling, for one, and the frame of the photo is roughly wider, making it look more like a year book photo or something else. He is also much more nicely dressed, in a suit, and has a much more homogeneous skin tone, making it look less dark than in the mug shot. Gone is the probably nefarious person who certainly got arrested and generally looks no good,

Jennifer Weltz Discussion Board Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Jennifer Weltz Discussion Board - Coursework ExampleThe background image of an open book and intromission of various authors work is informative on the role of the corporation. Furthermore, the placement of functional hyperlink at the top realm of the website makes navigation easy. In addition, the information about presented on the website is appropriate for the intention of the website. Consequently, this among other reasons brings out the purpose of the website.1. As the president of JVNLA, an organizational that has sold books domestically and internationally for almost two decades, I would comparable to know what do you look for in an authors work that makes JVNLA what it is today (Our Team Jennifer Weltz )?3. With reckon to your speech to the Historical Novel Society Convention that was held in San Diego, Madam President I quote I try to help my authors receive what they need to make their books reach their highest potential. To me this implies that you have a commanding k nowledge in realizing what it takes one to be the best author. Do you have any plans to get up potential authors

Feminine Beauty Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Feminine Beauty - Essay exampleIt has also been argued that beautification, for the wo manpower, is a form of disguise (Ware 178-179). This implies that, through beautification, women attempt to hide their true self and portray what they want the society to gain. This may mean that women struggle to hide virtually defects in their bodies. This would be employ to show the difference between the process of beautification and the product of the overall process. The process leads to a product, which is just an character of the woman but not the real self. Specifically, this is termed as a process of creating an alternative ideal of the bodily self and eliminating the flaws in the corpse. To further support this shout, the main reason as to why most women assume plastic surgery is so that they can align their inner self with their appearance. Some women may claim that their bodies fail to represent them as they should or as they very are (Cahill 41-43). This implies that the wo men have identified some flaws in their bodies and are constantly attempting to eliminate them through beautification practices. Therefore, through various beautification processes, the true existence of the women is realized. This implies that in that location is a form of subjectivity that the society has placed on women that requires them to spend longer periods of time age attempting to fit in the society. This is the beautification portrayed in the artwork that could as well indicate that the woman spend a significant amount of time performing some beautification procedures to make her look as she really is.Such beauty has also been argued to be projected for the male population for the males approval. However, the males are also not keen since they approve it simply by looking at the anesthetic instead of the female macrocosm as a full human being. Since the men view the feminine beauty as specifically done for them, the discourse for beautification is contrary to politica l, social and economic equality. Simply, the idea of beautification is against the quest for equality in the society. When men view the beautified woman as the aesthetic, the whole material of work that constitute the womans body is perceived as used up in that she fails to reveal her being. In place of that, men see equipment made for their own satisfaction.

Liability of Employers and Occupiers Case Study

Liability of Employers and Occupiers - type Study ExampleTo see how the law of civil wrong applies and operates, this essay takes up three test cases brought against Sports Ltd., which owns and operates a sports and physical fitness complex. All three cases refer that Sports Ltd. caused them harm by violating the tort of negligence, the biggest category of tort because it endangers many be spatial relations the chance victim and is considered both a public and private wrong.At first glance, Sports Ltd. may be guilty of negligence because guidance knew that its central heating system in the boiler room that scalded S altogethery in a bad way was defective and potentially dangerous but the establishment did nothing about it except admonish its employees about the gamble. This is the essence of the Occupiers Liability Act (OLA) in UK, a statutory tort that applies to health and sentry duty regulations across the workplace (Honore, 1995). OLA provides that any person such as a sh op owner who admits people into his premises owes a minimum duty of care to protect these peoples safety (Metaphysics Research Lab, 2003). A closer look at this particular case, however, will show that Sally shares the blame for the accident that happened to her. The college fille gained entry to the sports complex through the backdoor, which leads into the boiler room, to avoid paying for a ticket at the constant entrance. In Yuen Kun Yeu v Attorney General of Hong Kong (1988), Rowling v Takaro Properties Ltd. (1985), and Hill v Chief Constable of westside Yorkshire (1989), liability for the tort of negligence apprise only occur when the supposed damage can be reasonably foreseen. In other words, the defendant failed to do what a reasonable person would do in the situation presented (Green, 1960). On the scalding sustained by Sally, Sports Ltd. can defend itself against a tort claim by pointing out that its management could not have foreseen such an accident to happen to any g uest. The establishment can invoke the principles of volenti non fit injuria (a willing victim cannot claim for damage), tributary negligence, and ex turpi cause non oritur (no right of proceeding arises from a despicable cause), the three standard defenses against a tort claim (Fletcher, 1972). From the evidence, Sally is culpable on all three counts because she consented to the risk of damage by using an entrance that is off-limits to the public, which action amounts to contributory negligence and despicable cause. The action is despicable in the sense that it is wrong and deprives Sports Ltd. of revenue generated from ticket sales. Case 2 - AshrafIn the case of Ashraf, Sports Ltd. can use the same line of defense. Like Sally, Ashraf virtually consented to the risk of damage to his person by insisting on using the corridor on his way to the gym moreover a sign put up by the cleaning woman Maria that says Cleaning in Progress Use Alternative Route. Ashraf as an exclusive member of the exercise club knew a side entrance that could be used as alternative route but he was in a hurry so he risked the corridor and was thus culpable of contributory negligence. The tort law, according to Hocking & Smith (1996), is all about dissecting all possibilities in a case to

Writing about pic-18 in computer desing subject Essay

Writing about pic-18 in ready reckoner desing subject - Essay ExampleThe most popular set of microcontrollers argon those in the 8051 family. These 8051 family is a preferable choice for professionals specializing in embedded systems because they be cheap, readily available, have a larger user plate and also the ability of being reprogrammed with flash reposition. Figure 1 The 8051 Microcontroller Invention of the Intel 8051 led to a radical role of microcontrollers in the embedded systems industry. Intensive research in this field led to design of efficient, higher(prenominal) performance and low power consumption family of microcontrollers. These included AVR, PIC and ARM. These modern microcontrollers are every day being made smarter to include latest communication protocols like USB, I2C, SPI, Ethernet and CAN. History The name PIC refers to the off-base Interface Controller. The first PIC was developed in 1975 by the Microelectronics Division of a company cognise as Gen eral Instruments. It was developed when the Microelectronics Division was testing its 16-bit CPU i.e. CP 1600. ... 1. Base Line PIC They are the least complex family of the 8-bit PIC microcontroller since they are based on 12-bit instruction architecture. They are the smallest and the cheapest of all the PICs and are available 6 to 40 pin packaging. 2. Mid-Range PIC These are based on 14-bit instruction architecture with a 20 MHz clock f number. They are mostly used for industry and even hobbyists because of their accessibility in many peripherals like Op-Amps, ADC, PWM and other communication protocols like SPI, I2C and SPI. 3. Enhanced Mid-Range PIC These are an compound version of Mid-Range core. They provide a greater performance in terms of flash memory, clock speed and power consumption. They also include multiples peripherals and protocols like SPI, I2C and USART. 4. PIC 18 It is the highest performing among the 8-bit PIC families and is based on a 16-bit instruction arch itecture that incorporates an advanced RISC architecture. It is integrated with current communication protocols like transmission control protocol/IP protocol, LIN, CAN and USB for communication with internet based networks. Figure 3 PIC 18 thole Out fund Variation for PIC 18 PIC 18 is available with many memory options such as mask ROM, EPROM and flash memory. These different types of memories are designated as follows Symbol reposition Type Example C EPROM PIC16Cxxx CR Mask ROM PIC16CRxxx F Flash Memory PIC16Fxxx The operating voltage of the PIC 18 ranges from 2.0-5.5 volts. The letter L is included in the controllers name to denote their voltage range i.e. PIC16LFxxx (operating at 2.0-5.5 range) PIC18 Architecture PIC18 microcontrollers are based the Reduced Instruction Set reason architecture (RISC). This is the kind of architecture where the hardware gets reduced with an

Compare the Ways in which John Steinbeck and Thomas Hardy Explore the Theme of Loneliness Essay Example for Free

Comp be the slipway in which John Steinbeck and Thomas Hardy Explore the Theme of L starliness EssayThe 2 books be possessed of one clear ele workforcet in common.The two authors, Steinbeck and Hardy, give us a heavy(p) mind pin d give on aloneness in its galore(postnominal) an(prenominal) forms. They communicate their ideas and models to us in a very confusable gentle domainner, disdain being from very antithetic times and walks of life.Of Mice and Men, is set and was written during the Great Depression of the linked States of the States in the early 1930s, in the Salinas V enti intrustey of California, tells us the degree of George Milton and Lennie Sm either. The two migrant workers, terminal point to work ever soy(prenominal)whereher by an unusual and sure fri finaleship, are in pursuit together of the Great Ameri give nonice ideate their fantasy. They will apply their own land, be their own masters and no longer pret stop over to answer to any(preno minal)one, and fin eachy live in peace.On the early(a) hand we pack The Wi on that pointd Arm, set in the early 19th Century as one of Hardys Wessex Tales, where he lived all his life. Hardy tells us the tale of a fable per give-and-take wo manhood, Gertrude bear down, as she begins her new life. However, things are not what they should have been as Gertrude is laid low(p) with an unk akin a shotn blight, her happiness both(prenominal) threatened and new-fashionedr destroyed. She is not all unsocial her plight is intertwined with that of Rhoda Brook, who carries a great pain in her heart and a great power, or whitethornbe a curse, that not make up she realises.The two texts are each set in the same rural environment as that of their authors, both transporting us the tale of so some(prenominal) people struggling through their lives as best they whoremaster. In Of Mice and Men we see that each man, and woman, has their own dreams, their own obsessions to pine forw ard for, to com ascribee and envis age when they are so often so lonely each has their own thoughts, their method, of es tipism from the verity they live in. The Withered Arm, once more, in a different manner shows characters angry, obsessed, with lives they could have had and the possibilities that they have befogged or had taken outdoor(a) from them. Each are victims of circumstance, each yearn for lives that are no longer theirs, each for a pretend this instant gone. In each stickyy we can see a parallel, and in both books we can see characters sharing the same elemental challenges to everywherecome, and obstacles in their path. both(prenominal) show us some of the many another(prenominal) nervets and characteristics of loneliness and trouble in this world no subject sphere how little they timbreing for difficulty and dilemmas, people will ceaselessly manage to find them, no subject area how hard they make oer once morest it.The best laid schemes o mice an d menGang aft agley Often go wrongAnd leave us nix still painFor promised joyRobert BurnsAs Of Mice and Men begins, we are shown the two migrant promote workers, George and Lennie, on their way to a new job, a new start, bucking barley at a Californian ranch fleeing lots undue upset in their last town, well-nighly thank, despite his original intentions, to Lennie. It is late plaining and they both spend the night by the Salinas River before continuing on to their new fundament of work the next morning. It is here that we front discover some of the main per give-and-takeality differences, and combats, amidst the two characters, and learn of their aspirations and their future.We immediately see lots of their spirits and that of their friendship as Lennie flung himself down and drank from the surface of the green poolsnorting into the piss same(p) a horse. Lennie dives headlong, dunking his head into the murky water supplys of the Salinas like an wildcat, all for a drink of water George restrains him, searching to keep him in line and to keep him safe.George and Lennie have strugg lead their way through life together, as an infixed pair, not like all the other wantfuls unwrap there, Because I got you an you got me together they might just get somewhere. The way this particular phrase is repeated so much tells us a lot active their friendship and how they both so desperately need it to survive.The eldest man was small and quick, dark of face, with unsatisfied look and sharp, strong lay downsevery part of him was defined.We see George as the sharp and able leader who gives Lennie his direction, blunt and bitter when it comes to his frustrations. All alike often feeling taunted by the world, his life, and the problems they each throw at him no matter how hard he tries and how much he accounts for it. Despite his quick temper and scathing reprisals, he transports a great address and affection for his travel-partner and the companionshi p he brings him much more than is at first apparent.George feels responsible for Lennie, he has been Lennies guardian ever since the passing- remote of his Aunt Clara, and no matter how hard he tries he constantly, and always will, feel that Lennies troubles, Lennies mistakes and faults are his own and that which he must resolve and reconcile however much they whitethorn cause him yet more problems of his own. George feels a great loneliness inside, believing in his heart himself to be as worthless as every other like him, and as a root of this he gains his purpose to go away someone, and he knows that is something he and Lennie must do and can neertheless do together. Without Lennie he would be nothing, no more than every other man like him alone and without hope.Behind him walked his opposite, a huge man, orderless of face, with large, pale eyes, with wide, sloping shouldershe walked heavily, dragging his feet a little, the way a bear drags his pawshis buildor did no t swing plainly hung loosely at his sides.Lennie, we can already see if very different to George, a slow unreservedton, likened to an animal on two counts now, expressing his simple personality and impulsive genius.It is thanks to the pairs great bond and need that we see Lennie as such(prenominal) a vital character in the book, for George is not the only man to whom Lennie brings a purpose, it is more or less him that so much of the story unfolds and revolves about. Despite the simplicity in his manner and unsure path throughout the story, Lennie brings certainty to all those round him. They are d cruden to the raw and basic companionship that his presence brings he is both consort and confidant for all their thoughts and feelings.He incomplete understands nor takes in much of what they say but, rather than wasting their breath, it seems even up more a boon unto them. Lennie is like a wandering sheep and it is George that gives him his direction and his purpose, and as he t akes his lead from George, Lennie in fun gains his own shape and dream. Lennies simple, cumbersome shape walks always in Georges shadow, always fag him wherever he may go, no matter what. For Lennie life is as simple as he is it is that which seems to create so many problems for them both, in turn presenting the answers to so many others, and it is this which gives Lennie such a lasting effect on all those around him.The two are together in the pursuit of their own dreams, each decision both a purpose and the means in the other. George dreams of his own land, his own life, and it is much the same for Lennie, on his own basic level. Lennie wishes to care for his own creatures, his rabbits. He loves to hear every word of them that he can get, and George loves to tell them to him so obsessed and incensed are they with merely the thought of what lies ahead for them with the success of their great plan.This form of conceive of and hoping that many of the characters of this story hol ds shows how everyone of them wishes to escape from the present world that they live in, where inn demands everything of them when they have nothing to hold as their own, and nothing to give. Together these two continue their journey, their unique bond always apparent as they cross upon the lives of many others, all video display the properties of loneliness and all for different reasons, giving us an mentality on how so many in this world are alone and isolated, and how what George and Lennie have is so valuable.Aint many guys travel togethermaybe everyone in the whole damn world is scared of each other.The pressure of the American aspiration and the demands of that guilds doctrines and social structure to achieve are imposed upon everyone and anyone and this is why it performs such a great feature and driving force behind so much of the loneliness of this book. Every common man goes to America to succeed and achieve something, but friendship inflicts quite the opposite upon them projecting, forcing upon them, an image of how people should think and most certainly be resulting in loneliness and isolation, a dissatisfaction of themselves and those around them and the on-going fear of amounting to absolutely nothing. It is dry that this very society which sets out to have everyone achieve and succeed does quite the opposite, causing so many problems along the way. The nature of the American Dream that so many in this story hold in their minds is that very thing which isolates every one of them from each other, and dooms them to failure.Upon arriving at the ranch, they are met by an old man named Candy and his now old and scrawny dog. It is Candy who explains to them the ways of the ranch, first showing them around and then, as the story progresses, introducing the personalities of the other ranch hands to them. We learn much about Candy himself and who he is, visual perception in the second chapter Candy caught listening in on George and Lennies word s together, as George attempts to keep Lennie in check and keep him safe. Candy was listening simply to feel as a part of their conversation, to feel involved in something, for Candy craves conversation in any form, so alone does he feel.It can be seen that now for so much of his life Candy has been obscure from the other men, isolated from all others. Since Candy missed his hand in an accident upon the farm he has been unable to work with the others, condemned to the unskilled tasks and solitary life during the day, and now thanks to his advancing years he is even more isolated. His only companion throughout all this time has been his pet dog, a source of consternation for the other men as it nears the end of its days, its presence being an eyesore to them all and odour a cause of much dismay.The animal had been his companion since its birth, and now old and suffering from rheumatism, the men convince Candy to allow them to put it out of its misery for him. As Candy grudgingly tick offs, against a great sadness, he loses his oldest and closest friend, and again he feels truly alone. Having no one, he attaches himself to Lennie and George and to the dream they both share and makes himself a part of it, willing to project all he has, his lifes work and savings, for it to be so. However, as that dream is again jeopardised, perhaps fatally, he quench wishes to carry on and fulfil the dream for it is all he has left. It this desperation of Candys to make his new dream, their dream, sprain so, that yet other man stimulates tied up in the illusion and the hope that it brings.Crooks is a teammate worker upon the ranch, a stable buck, working to repair saddles, tools and to look after the horses, unable to do other work since he was crippled, kicked in the back by one of the horses he was working with. We have neer heard much of Crooks, only take on phrases from the other men, snatches of comments in the middle of a conversation he is not often raged ab out, and never dress downed to Crooks is a Negro. We do not see him for the majority of the book for he is never with the other men, always separated from everyone, simply because of the discrimination, the ignorance and the prejudices of that time.As the only Negro in the area, he is only alone, without anyone but himself for so much of his life, but it was not always so. Crooks used to have individual he used to live with his family, they owned a farm, he was with his brothers, his parents his family, and he was counted as soulfulness now he isnt even counted. The American Dream tells us of equality, of everyone having a chance to attain their dreams, to have something to hold, be proud of and call their own in America everyone and anyone can have just this and be somebody unless, of course, if they are black.This is just a nigger discourseinso it dont mean nothing, see?This contradiction and hypocrisy intermittent throughout the dream is that which causes Crooks to be ju st who he is alone and isolated, helpless and unable to anything about it.When Lennie wanders into Crooks living area simply looking for company as the other men are all away in the town, Crooks shows outrage and indignation that a white man would presume it his right to simply walk into his get on without leave. However, Lennies innocence wins through, despite Crooks irritation, Crooks scowled, but Lennies disarming smile defeated him. As Crooks begins to talk to Lennie, and discover the nature of his relationship with George, we see his jealousy that another man could have someone so easy to talk to, such a simple and easy friendship.Such is his bitterness and jealousy over the pairs companionship that Crooks goes on to taunt and tease Lennie with the possibility that George is injured and is no longer going to be there. He tells Lennie that he too is alone and must look after himself and continue life knowing he had someone, had something, and lost it as Crooks did. Crooks want s Lennie to feel what his pain is every day, every hour, and make someone else feel how he does and, in doing so, make himself feel less alone. A guy goes nuts if he aint got nobodya guy gets lonely and he gets sick.As Lennies anger flares up, we see that perhaps Crooks isnt so spiteful after all, for he placates Lennie he wants him to stay, despite him being a white man, one who took his life away from him, an enemy. So alone is he that any company will do, black or white it doesnt matter any more and so It was difficult for Crooks to conceal his pleasure with anger, as Candy joins Lennie.He only has himself and what little company that he can find he has been separated from others, alone for so long, simply because of the colour of his skin, so isolated thanks to an ignorant and naive prejudice, so much for a dream when Crooks came to America he found an ongoing nightmare. There should be equality, and this is what America shouted aloud to the world everyone in America has a dream to live out, and everyone who comes to America has a chance. However, this is not the case for Crooks despite what people claimed, despite what the American Dream told them, he has nothing but material possessions, and to him they re nothing. Reading books is his only source of company, but Books aint no groovy. A guy needs somebody to be near him.When Crooks first learns of their dream, not quite as they intended for it was their dream and nobody elses, he scoffs for has heard this kind of a story all before he has seen hundreds of other hopefuls come through the ranch and continue on into nothing. He tells them this mockingly, and as well as to end their hopes for they too are going nowhere. However, as Candy justifies their hopes in defence, he subsides for he sees the possibilities himself, gets caught up in the trios aspirations and dreams, as Candy did, and pleads to be taken along, to join them simply to be somewhere with others who might behave him for who he i s and not for what. Crooks begins to open up, he finally supposes himself to be an equal and to be counted, and he has been aban maked back both his hope and a real chance.However, things are not to be as they hoped as the wife of Curley, the boss son, enters. As always the men are wary and bid her leave and in response her bitter temper rises. Crooks stands up to her, thinking outside his place in his newfound happiness, and she drills into him, makes him again realise just who he is, how little all he says and thinks is valued and how much power she holds over him. For a moment Crooks had become a man again and intendd in his own freedom, but Curleys wife put an end to that, to his open thought and his belief in all his hopes of being his own man again.Crooks stared bleakly at her, sat downand drew into himselfCrooks had reduced himself to nothing, no personality, no egoEverything that might be yearn drawn ininto the indomitable pride of the Negro.Crooks the Negro presumed to think himself on the same level as Curleys wife, to cap all the isolation and rejection from every other person on the ranch. So enraged is she that we see the malicious and bitter side of her nature born out of the oppression, the distress and torment of countless similar situations where no one ever listens, where she is always alone. She gives him no quarter as her scathing, bitter anger lashes into him.This conflict amongst and between the oppressed and repressed first between Candy and Crooks, Crooks believing their dream to be as hopeless as all the rest, so demoralised has he become thanks to the life that American society has put him through, and then between Crooks and Curleys wife, simply leads them in a circle, and right back to square one. Both are without freedom and hold little control over their own rights, and still they are brought into conflict by the ways in which society portrays the world and treats each of them, one putting the others hopes and liberty agai n into doubt, painting a wholly despondent and bleak future -all the more separated from each other, all the more isolated and alone.Curleys wife always appears as a woman up to no good, verbalise of hurriedly in whispered conversations. She is always out looking for trouble with the other men, always holding apparent bad intentions as she flaunts herself in a vain attempt to attract them to her, willing to do anything for companionship, and as a result getting quite the opposite. George had always recognised her danger, but Lennie is blind to every bit of it. However, we begin to see that she isnt up to such wickedness as we are first led to believe, and her bitter tongue is simply born of a life of loneliness. The men always shy away from her fearing blackmail from a work mate or Curleys wrath if they were to dare the stigma and go against the rules of society, and become friendly with another mans wife. This fear of the bosses authority and their abuse of it is yet another barr ier that stands between ever establishing some true ideals of equality.She has been alone and isolated by everyone for so long, not even her husband listens to her, simply telling her what he wants to say and never waiting for a response. Lennie, never vigilant nor wary for he has no reason to be, is the first person that hasnt looked at her with fear in his eyes, for he is different she has tested everything and seems doomed to failure everyone is repulsed, everyone resists her, everyone bar Lennie, and she latches onto him because of this.One day she catches him on his own and without George always looking over his shoulder. He is like an open book to her, and instantly accepts her for exactly what she is. She delights in finally decision someone who is such a perfect companion, who no longer draws back away from her in fear, but dialog to her as he would anyone else. Despite what is first apparent, she simply wants to be with someone who listens. We learn that she once had a li fe, once had a chance and could have been somebody, been somewhere and just perhaps have got somewhere in life, but had it taken away from her through no fault of her own, but the unjust and unreasonable actions of another her own mother.To escape that, to escape a dead end and lonely life where one that should be so close to her takes her chances and dreams away from her, she married Curley and inadvertently runs into something much worse. She had a dream, found a chance and lost it thanks to a situation entirely out of her control, and things only go down hill from there. She is alone unable to do anything to escape the life that she now leads, no one is willing to talk to her, she is confined to the ranch and no longer has any chance of happiness, or simply of finding a friend. Yet again, a pursuer of the American Dream finds quite the opposite. She revels in Lennies companionship, temporarily feeling as if she were no longer alone in the world as Crooks did, and so tells him t hings that she has told no other, opening herself to him and finding that he accepts all that she says without doubt or uncertainty.However, as she learns of Lennies love for the touch and feel of soft things, she lets him impending without restraint or forethought, lets him touch and hold her hair. As she draws away in pose that her hair (and by and by her looks) are being dishevelled, the one thing she believes herself to truly hold is mishandled, and so she pulls away, expressing her distress. Lennie panics and does the only thing that his simple mind can think of resist, and so he grips hold of her tighter, unwilling to let go, he is tangled and frightened and understands nought of what is happening.He fears that if George were to find out that he had made someone unhappy and make wrong by them he would abandon and discard him, fearing disapproval if his actions were ever discovered and so he clamps his hand over her mouth, hoping that none would hear the noise. He grips e ven tighter as she struggles all the more desperately in the pain that his awesome strength is causing her, and he jerks and shakes her body in response, in an attempt to silence her. In this he succeeds, but to an extent that he never intended he unwittingly relents her neck. Yet again Lennie has caused great harm without ever realising it attainable, and this time the outcome is greatly worse.She was always alone, always without somebody, even those closest to her appear to have wished against her happiness John Steinbeck signifies this to us by never denomination Curleys wife she was never important to the person, and the people, that she should have been. As soon as she finds someone that was conceivably different, perhaps wasnt like all the others, she takes it all too far too soon, without thinking of the consequences. As a result she loses everything.The story ends in the pursuit of Lennie, George goes after him with the other men for he cannot let them get to him first and it is here that we are reminded of Candys words upon his own companion, his pet dog, I ought to of shot that dog myself, George. I shouldnt have let no stranger shoot my dog. George finally catches up with Lennie at their meeting point where they stayed that first night before making their way onto the ranch. Lennie has been plagued by images and hallucinations from his past and his imagination, so distraught has he become over doing something so wrong and upsetting George in such a huge way, without ever intending to he managed to take away every hope the two had of achieving their dream all thanks to the pressure put upon him to do right by everyone, make no mistakes and allow none to hear of the rest, which leads to him causing more problems than ever before.George has Lennie imagine their dream once more, for that was always how Lennie was happiest imagining his future, escaping from the present. It is in this moment that George puts the gun to the back of Lennies head, an d, fighting off his shaking hand, pulls down upon the trigger. He never wanted to, but he had to this was the only possible choice George could have made for the in the long run innocent Lennie, nothing he could do would have been easier, or better, for Lennie. George in doing so loses his one and only companion, every hope he ever had of being somebody and every hope of those around him that became a part of their dream all in that instant every hope was lost. Such is the despair that Candy finds it difficult to let go, he wants to continue the dream and to bury it, despite all which has happened, but he knows that is never possible now. Lennie was the one that held everything, everyone, together and gave them all hope and a chance, and now he was gone.The Withered Arm tells us a story of the ordeal of Rhoda Brook, her son, granger adhere and his newly married wife, Gertrude, as Thomas Hardy chooses to constantly switch your attention, not concentrating on single characters loneliness and hardships, but that of four.We first meet Rhoda Brook working in the cow sheds, a milkmaid, and we instantly recognise how emotionally isolated and detached from others she is. As the other characters about her chat among themselves she chooses to bear aside, and uninvolved, from them all. We see how alone and different from the other simple farm hands she is, He hasnt spoken to her for years, whilst they talk about her and the notorious love affair she had with the Farmer fellowship and his recent marriage to a young lady not from nearby, but the city. She is one apart(predicate) from the rest, not like them, and no longer does she care or worry over their words and thoughts of her. She remains impassive throughout the conversation and the others comments about her, She knew she had knavishly been called a witch.Her physical loneliness and separation, probably much out of choice, is in addition elaborated upon as She milked about apart from the rest, as well as through the description of where she has chosen to live, their course lay apart from the rest.The truth about Rhoda and Farmer Lodges affair, now many years in the past, is widely known in the area. Long ago they were together and for unexplained reasons she was abandoned perhaps upon the realisation of Rhodas pregnancy. The very thing meant to bring a couple closer together and bring with it happiness and companionship may have brought completely the opposite for Rhoda.However, Farmer Lodge has developed very materialistic views, adhering and conforming to those of the society he lives in. Rhoda was at a lower place his class, below him, and he could never have been seen in a permanent relationship with her because of that society would never have genuine him. Another possible reason is that of Rhodas advancing years and waning beauty her age is closer to that of Lodges and so his philistinism again pushes him away from her as he chooses to marry a young and still beautiful girl not long out of her teen.This is what he feels he must have the best.With the arriver of Gertrude Lodge the final brick is laid in the wall standing between Rhoda and her happiness, between her and Lodge and both of them and their son. We recognise instantly that Gertrude is neither country-born nor country-bred, and knows little of her new life and what lies ahead. From the beginning she is almost completely alone she is a young lady, highborn, and not long out of her teens, lady-like and beautiful, and there are none like her that she can communicate with. Gertrude worries much over others opinions of her, as she lusts so much to be readily accepted into her new community. However, things are not to be all she could hope for, as she soon realises how alone she is to be as society separates her from the majority of those around her, thanks to the strict taboos on cross-class relationships and of a lady socialization with those of the lower class.When Rhoda learns of Gertr udes arrival she has her son discover ever detail and feature of the girl, sizing her up and analyse herself to Gertrude in her jealousy, for she believes that it should be she, not Gertrude, that Farmer Lodge should have married and is bitterly angry that he refuses to acknowledge their son and even what they both had between each other as anything but undistinguished and irrelevant.The son that Rhoda and Lodge both had together is yet another great example of the loneliness that this story portrays as his mothers loneliness and emotional feelings merely add to that of his own. Hardy chooses to give him no name, as did Steinbeck with Curleys wife, emphasising how nugatory and worthless he is in the eyes of those that he should mean so much to. His father rejects him limitless barely ever acknowledging his presence, He took no outward notice of the boy whatsoever, and when he does it is only as an inferior and one of no consequence as the boy is described as Just one of the neig hbourhood. Even his own mother, with whom he has lived for all his years, is unconcerned with him, so obsessed and incensed with her own dilemma that she simply uses him as ammunition, and justification, of her right over others to Lodge.He is used as a spy upon Gertrude and Lodge by his mother, if not that then he is always at work upon one household obligation or another, and despite all that he does none of it seems to satisfy his mother. He is barely ever stipulation any affection at all, seemingly only useful for errands and chores that Rhoda cannot bring herself to do. Despite her anger over Farmer Lodges total lack of acceptance of their son, she too does much the same, and never realises the frustrations that he hides underneath as a result of this all, His mother not observing that he was telescopedting a notch with his theca knife into the beech-backed chair. The son has no father figure to follow, but certainly not a good example, and his mother tries to set him one no better she doesnt even make the effort.Rhoda develops an obsession with Gertrude whom she has neither met nor even seen. Such is her fixation that one night she is visited in a troubled dream by an image, the distort and repulsive impression of Gertrude that Rhoda has built up in her mind through her bitter jealousy.The figure repulse forward its left hand mockingly, so as to make the wedding ring it wore glitter in Rhodas eyes.This thing that Rhoda believes Gertrude to be taunts her, thrusting the proof of her marriage to Farmer Lodge before her very eyes the thing that Rhoda herself so covets and desires for herself. As the creature draws closer, Rhoda grips its arm in fright and hurls it to the floor.One day Gertrude visits Rhoda in her small house upon the hill, and Rhoda sees her for what she really is. Gertrude, in her loneliness in Lodges great manor house, comes to Rhoda for companionship, and in her she finds a friend. At first Rhoda is unresponsive, but slowly she b egins to come round, to see through all the lies she has told herself all too often in her resentment at being alone. However, all is not to be so utterly resolved, as we learn of Gertrudes arm the strange marks, like as that of fingers, upon the flesh and over time they stepwise worsen and deteriorate.It looks almost like finger marksas if some witch, or the devil himself, had taken a hold of me there, and blasted the flesh.Gertrudes other sorrow becomes apparent as she too has realised the faith that the farmer puts into face value and beauty for she believes that he will begin to love her less if the arm does not doctor as it should. As a result, over time, Gertrude begins to preoccupy herself and obsess about her arm as Rhoda did over Farmer Lodge and it continues to worsen.No one understands its nature, no one knows of a remediation and Gertrude, stricken with worry and concern, turns again to Rhoda, following perhaps a maids, or a workers, advice, and the irony in this i s how many would believe Rhoda to be the guilty party, the witch, cursing upon Gertrude and that she of all people would know her adversary best. Rhoda meanwhile says nothing upon the matter of the arm, merely inquiring upon it, hoping that it might recover. For Rhoda neither understands what effect she has had upon Gertrude, nor knows how she caused it much of the time she vainly tells herself that it is nothing but a coincidence.All the same, Rhoda apprehensively leads Gertrude across the hills and fields one day to Conjuror Trendle, a man renowned for powers that other people believe in more than he.He affected not to believe largely in his own powers and when warts that had been shown him for the cure miraculously disappearhe would say lightly, Oh I only drink a glass of grog upon emperhaps its all chance, and immediately turn the subject.Trendle lives many miles apart from other men, separated by their views and taboos of that society upon witchcraft and anything related. He h as been cast away by their prejudices all because he has a talent that they neither possess nor understand, and they fear him for this. He merely uses what he has to help people as best he can, getting nothing but fear and aversion in return, and this he does for Gertrude too. Despite the rumours and whispers that people emit behind his back, he does what he knows to be best all the same rejecting the constraints of society for his own freedom, and in turn having much of it taken away. He shows to Gertrude the image of an enemy, the only one capable of causing such a blight, and Rhodas fears are to be realised as, despite Gertrude never telling her who the image she saw was, she never spoke to Rhoda again, never mentioned the arm and never called around her house, simply looking for a companion, again for now her unseen assailant had a face, that of Rhoda.Over a very short period their friendship began to break down very quickly, almost instantly as realisation had dawned upon Ge rtrude, and so she never saw anything of Rhoda, or her son, again for many years and eventually the two both slipped out of the community and were never seen again they were forced out by the fears of others, by Rhodas desires of things that were no longer hers to covet and by the entire community, for none really cared. Gertrude was now truly alone and without a single companion- her husband no longer even looked at her, such was his revulsion of the withering of her arm and displeasure at the fact that she had not even managed to produce him an heir in all their time together. Gertrudes beauty was waning as the full torture of the arm and being so alone in the world assailed her.She became obsessed with the arm and the search for cures, attempting every crackpot remedy that she could find in her maddened struggle but none ever worked or had any effect. Driven into desperation by her husbands and societys demands for young la break ins to be beautiful and perfect always, for Ger trude fears the rejection of her husband as Rhoda was rejected many years ago. In many ways this despair and incensed search for a cure drove even larger a void between Gertrude and her husband, for in the end it was both she and the arm driving him away, so obsessed did she become much thanks to the pressures and expectations of the world around her. once again she goes to visit Trendle in the vain hope that perhaps he will be able to cure her at last, however, this time she makes the journey alone showing just how much more lonely and separated from others she has become.Upon arriving she sees Trendle, now an old man and barely able to even leave his house he has lost even that little bit of freedom that life had allowed him and has absolutely no one but himself to rely on, and no one to be there when he dies. In his last days, Trendle tells her simply what had to be done he was too old to help now, she would have to cope alone with this task as always, but he could point her in the right direction. She agrees to all that he tells her, whatever it may be, such is her desire to again be beautiful for her husband again and to allow her to again conform to the views of those around her much the opposite choice to that of Conjuror Trendle. Gertrude must touch the body of an executed man just cut down from a hanging not dead for more than an instant so as to turn the blood of Gertrude and cure the withering of the arm.Finally, after many weeks wait the chance arrives and Gertrudes prayers, driven to wishing upon the dying of a fellow man, are answered and she strikes up a deal with the old, isolated hangman, separated from others by the nature of his trade, who was not wholly unused to requests of her sort. The condemned that is to become Gertrudes saviour is a young man, charged of arson the enthusiastic down of an old warehouse. The young man was apparently simply in the wrong place at the wrong time, but an example had to be made to satisfy the peopl e.On the allotted night, Gertrude goes to the hangman as planned, and he then leads her to the open casket and she pulls back the covering and touches the figure beneath. To her horror she sees it to be Rhodas own son the son of Farmer Lodge. Gertrude backs off in dismay and turns to discover both Rhoda and Lodge standing behind her. Rhoda shouts in anger and pushes Gertrude away from them both, for even now she still stands between the Farmer Lodge and their son once again as always Gertrude comes between Rhoda and Lodge, always in the way of Rhodas hopes, desires and always holding her completely alone. Gertrude screams in fear and falls to the floor, for the shock and extreme stress, together with the draining nature of the arm finally get the best of her, for she has died. Her blood had been turned, but all too far.Here the story concludes, as Rhoda moves farther away and separates herself from the local community entirely yet again, totally alone thanks to her own bitterness . Even after her son is lost still nobody goes to pay their respects or reach out their company she becomes even more alone than ever, all thanks to her own negligence. Farmer Lodge is also alone now, perhaps as he deserved, for his uncaring and selfish ways led to the grief of many and his dishonesty to the death of his wife for he broke his marriage vows that he made before divinity In sickness and in health.His wife is dead and his son is lost forever and with him any chance of ever having an heir to all his estate. In his despair Lodge sells all his farm and land and moves away only now do we realise how truly alone he has become, and all thanks to him, his materialism and conforming to what society dictates as to how he should live his life. He offers Rhoda an annual income, as an attempt at a final reconciliation but she never accepts it and none see her again. He loses everything and is doomed to die alone, leaving us later to discover that he has left all that is his to a reformatory for boys, showing how he did have thoughts and feelings regarding his son, but never had the strength to show them which is perhaps his greatest sin.Both Lodge and Rhoda isolated themselves from others and both are now even lonelier as a result of this. Gertrudes vanity may have played a part in her own undoing, represented by the extremes to which she was willing to go as she even wished for the death of a fellow man, guilty or innocent alike, but it was Lodge, and those around her, that drove her to such desperation and in the end she dies alone, above all emotionally, as her husband stands apart from her with Rhoda. The young son meanwhile, brought to his end by Gertrudes desperate wishing is always portrayed in Hardys novel as the innocent throughout, trapped between his two parents never being truly loved or cared for always alone and always innocent.Towards the end we assume that perhaps he has got involved in a youth gang. This leads to his later arrest at the crime scene showing that no father figure and role model at all would have perhaps been better than that of a bad and coldhearted one who rejects him outright, he may have been innocent but he never had anyone who would stand up for him. This rejection by his father and ignorant negligence on his mothers part leads to his tragic death, similar to that of Candys wife who also remains unnamed as they are never important to those that they should be, leaving both of them completely alone and hopeless.The unfortunate tragedy that we see at the end of each novel is but one of the many similarities between these two novels. As we begin, each story features two central characters, George and Lennie, Rhoda and Gertrude, around which the story unfolds. As they live their lives we are introduced to many others, each with their own individual problems and dilemmas besetting them. These unlikely friendships between our central characters ultimately end in a tragedy, first with one unknowingl y causing great problems for the other and finally one must put the other out of their misery, and at the same time condemn themselves to loneliness and hopelessness yet again.In Of Mice and Men we see at the root of everyones problems the desperation to achieve and become somebody to find the American Dream. The society in which they have lived tells them that they are nothing without achievement, and they all agree for much of their sadness originates from this feeling of worthlessness. In George and Lennies case it drives them onwards, in search of their dream, but the others do not have the friendship that they each possess and have no hope of getting anywhere. Candy is old, crippled, with no hope of being able to work for something anymore and no hope of ever actually finding a companion as everyone deserts him each day. Crooks has nobody, he lost everything thanks to American society and the fact that the dream doesnt work if you are black, he is hopeless for all time.Curleys wife, a seemingly sedate character of this story is isolated for just that. She has nobody bar her husband, who neither loves her nor listens, separated from others by both him and other peoples fear of the stigma that would ensure should they become her friend. She had her one chance at achieving something taken away from her many years ago. For Lennie the necessity to conform and do right by people is too much for him he can never understand and in the end this leads to his death. His fear of disapproval forces him to take a life without ever intending to. It is upon Georges shoulders to end the story, for there is only one possibility he must end all his hopes, condemn himself to being alone with his guilt, every chance that they had together and those around them found upon their arrival for he must take Lennies life to save him from misery.This pressure from American society and the unbending rules on what people should and shouldnt be causes so much dissatisfaction and unr est, leaving everyone feeling hopeless and alone, that they have been brought up to believe. They thought they had a chance, and they found nothing.The Withered Arm, on the other hand, is set in a world of tradition, of British society and its harsh social structure. In everyones mind there is desperation to conform to the rules and agree that unless you are upper class, or in the case of the women married, you are no one.Rhoda isolates herself from all others in her desperation to become someone, Farmer Lodges wife, and be counted and in doing so sentences herself to a life of loneliness, and starts much more for many others. For Gertrude there is a desperation to be what the materialistic views of those around her tell her to be, and in her search for this she ends up separate her self even more than before. The young son, who nobody ever really looks to care for, there is isolation of a different kind and through no fault of his own. His parents never truly acknowledge him as t heir son and this ultimately ends in his tragic death. For Farmer Lodge, it is his materialistic conformism that causes many problems, and he isolates himself from all others in this story until the end, where it is he and Rhoda left and doomed to each be utterly alone for their sins.

A Study of the Cultural Imperialism Theory Essay Example for Free

A Study of the Cultural Imperialism Theory EssayABSTRACTThis paper explores the stiffness of the Cultural Imperialism Theory which says the horse opera sandwich burnish has dominated the horti stopping points of developing Nations. It examines to what extent and how the Hesperian globe in the real sniff out has dominated the developing countries. The study further examined the means by which the developing countries be being dominated heathenishly by the occidental culture. The paper further looked at both the dis completelyow and the positive effects of heathen imperialism. It concluded that though the westward world is succeeding in wear the culture of developing countries and Nigeria as a study, Nigeria as a Nation should put on somewhat safety belt in safeguarding our heritage. INTRODUCTIONCulture is the right smart of aliveness of a bound of people. It encompasses the k presentlyledge, ideas, beliefs, values, standards, and senti ments normal in the grou p. According to Charles A. Ellwood, an Ameri mint Sociologist, culture is the collective name for all behavior patterns socially acquired and socially transmitted by means of symbols. Dargon A., defines Culture as the collectivity of human activities and general principles that tend to operate ideas of a group of people with sh ard traditions (general acceptability), which ar passed on, in suaveed into generation (socialization) and reinvigorated by members of the group (sustainability) go Imperialism as defined by The Dictionary of Human Geography is the creation and maintenance of an unequal economic, pagan and territorial relationship, usually between states and often in the form of an empire, based on domination and controlThe Theorist of Cultural Imperialism opening, Herb Schiller postulated that westerly nations dominate the media around the world which in return has a powerful effect on Third World Cultures by means of imposing on them, western views thereby take d th rowing their native cultures Western Civilization produces the majority of the media (film, news, comics, etc.) because they feel the money to do so. The rest of the world purchases those productions because it is cheaper for them to do so alternatively than produce their aver. Therefore, Third World countries are watching media filled with the Western worlds authority of living, believing, and thinking. The tercet world cultures then start to want and do the same things in their countries and destroy their own culture. In ethnic Imperialism theory, the key words are culture and imperialism.According to Anaeto G., Onabajo, O. and Osifeso, J. (2008), they wrote that the western countries are technologically substantial in television and motion programmes and developing countries that are non technologically developed depend on the programmes from the developed countries. This means that the programmes from the developed counties which portray their culture go out be imbibed by the developing nations. This western culture now dominates our local culture simply because we are consuming their mint candy media messages. The assumptions of the theory according to Schiller, H., are classified into three namely 1. ontological Assumptions 2. Epistemological Assumptions3. Axiological Assumptions1. Ontological AssumptionsThis theory says that humans do non acquit the free will to chose how they feel, act, think, and live. They react to what they see on television because there is nothing else to compare it to besides their own lives, usually portrayed as little than what it should be. 2. Epistemological Assumptions This theory explains that there is one truth and no matter what that truth never outlet to change. As long as Third World countries continue to air Western Civilizations programs then the third world countries will always believe they should act, feel, think, and live as Western Civilizations act, feel, think, and live. 3. Axiological Assumption s This theory is value-neutral and objective. It does not matter what beliefs the people of Third World may already h grey-headed, the television programs from the Western World will communicate the same message and affect them in the same way.CRITIQUES OF THEORYThe critical reviews of the Cultural Imperialism theory came up with scientific theory which counter-argued the theory with the following responses Explanatory Power It explains what happens when one group of people with their own ideas sends messages through the media to a different group of people. Predictive Power It predicts that Third World countries culture will be destroyed and the people will identify with Western views. Parsimony We can see a direct linear path from sender to receiver through the media channels and then watch the effects.Falsifiability The theory could be prove false should the Third World countries not be affected by Western media and they do not lose their culture. E.G Under the intriguing title Seducing the French (1993), Richard F.Kuisel concedes that the French underwent a assist of Americanization. But at the same time, they succeeded in defending their Frenchness. French clearrs found some American products lik adequate but they to a fault continued to cherish and idealize French national identity, notably the idea of a superior French high culture.Internal Consistency There is a logical flow of events and consequences at bottom the theory. Heuristic Provocativeness This theory could lead to new hypotheses such as which cultures are affected more than others (if any) or whether low context differ in the reception of messages compared top high context cultures? Organizing Power This fits with what we already know about differences between Western civilization and Third World countries. Another example the critique stated is that if an International Broadcast station shows a video depicting Nigerians as corrupt, dangerous and malnourished, should soulfulness in Nig eria watch this the Western stereotype of Nigerians, and not affected by it, the theory accommodate been proved false.John, T., further argues that Cultural imperialism consists of the spread of modernity. It is a process of ethnic loss and not of cultural expansion. There never were groups of conspirators who attempted to spread any partingicular culture. Instead, global technological and economic super weigh down and integration reduced the importance of national culture. Therefore, it is misleading to put the blame for a global ontogenesis on any one culture. The notion of imperialism that is, purposeful cultural conquest is irrelevant instead, all countries, disregarding of whether they are located in the northern or southern hemisphere, are victims of a worldwide cultural changeMODES OF CULTURAL IMPERIALISMTracing world history all through the era of colonialism, there have been histories of cultural imperialism which will seem the unruffled way to explain the popularity of the very-British game cricket in all countries that once served as British colonies. Invasion of a countrified about often doesnt end with an impact of the geographical territories within the political boundaries alone. Religious and cultural invasion are often inseparable move of a political conquest. Its much easier to rule if your subjects share the same religious and cultural platforms as the invaders? The cultural imperialism theory is founded upon the premises of imposing the influences and beliefs of the stronger culture (the invaders) upon the weaker or more submissive culture (the invaded). How does this cultural Imperialism take place?Dare A., states that Cultural imperialism takes place when one culture overtakes another in such a way that the latter ends up following a significant sum of values, traditions, beliefs and influences of the former either completely or in a way merges the influences of the dominating culture with those of its own. Such a cultural in vasion can either be active or peaceful. In its active form, the dominant culture forcefully imposes its cultural influences upon the dominated culture. This is a dynamic phenomenon where the subordinate culture is compelled to adopt the ways of the invaders. The passive form is when one culture (not necessarily subordinate) voluntarily embraces the influences and traditions of another culture. Here, the dominant culture makes little or no forceful efforts in imposing its cultural ideals upon another but the latter gets influenced as a consequence of its receptivity to the formers cultural impacts. The passive form of cultural imperialism is what largely takes place now.Cultural imperialism can also occur due to the significant mercenary relations between two countries. A country heavily importing products and services of another country may get significantly influenced by the exportation countrys life-style attributes and social values. We can see this phenomenon in the form of Westernization of a number of Eastern countries. This is a type of passive cultural imperialism as the receiving culture adopts the outside values without perceiving the fact that they are, in fact, seemly slaves of a outside culture.WORLD EXAMPLES OF CULTURAL IMPERIALISMEnglish Cultural ImperialismEnglish cultural imperialism has been rife in the history of cultural imperialism. Latin which has the Churchs official linguistic process to popularizing its national game all across its colonies was changed to English. The British Empire left no stone unturned to make sure that its subjects adhered to its cultural idiosyncrasies even decades later on ceasing to be its subjects. The fact that Cricket is among the top ten close popular sports around the world with an estimated 3 billion fan following, especially in countries like Australia, India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, United Kingdom, New Zealand and certain African and Caribbean countries proves the military group of t he English cultural imperialism. It is also a known fact that English is the third most speak diction after Mandarin and Spanish.Decades of dominion and repressive policies towards Tibet, Taiwan and various other neighboring regions by China has had a significant influence upon the religion and culture of these regions. The aggressive promotion of a order Chinese language across Mainland China and Taiwan indicates towards an attempted cultural imperialism aimed at overtaking regional dialects in these areas. Also, the fact that most traditional aspects of the Chinese culture pertaining to religious beliefs, festivals and social norms significantly overwhelm the socio cultural edifices of various Oriental countries indicate towards strongly existing cultural imperialism.The most widespread and lull continuing instance of cultural imperialism can be seen in the form of Americanization. This is mostly due to the multitudes of commercial relationships the United States holds with a large number of countries in all parts of the world. This is definitely passive cultural imperialism and the countries that are most affected are those that have voluntarily adopted the stereotyped American lifestyle values and specific cultural aspectsCULTURAL IMPERIALISM IN NIGERIAThe Issue of SaggingSagging has become the in vogue(p) phenomenon among the male youths today in Nigeria. It is what is in vogue if you have not exposed the lower part of your private, you belong to the old school system. What is sagging and where did it come from? According to Greg, M., sagging was adopted from the United States prison house system where belts are prohibited. Belts are sometimes prohibited to keep prisoners from using them as weapons or in committing suicide by hanging themselves. The style was later popularized by hip-hop artists in the 1990s. It has since become a symbol of freedom and cultural awareness among some youths or a symbol of their rejection of the values of mainstream r ules of order. Jails are typically state run institutions. What usually happens is the state will order a set number of inmate uniforms. These uniforms are usually in general sizes like small, strong point and large making them ill-fitting for most inmates.When a medium sized inmate comes in and there are no remaining medium uniforms this inmate will receive a large instead. Prisoners are not allowed to have shoe laces or belts for fear theyd use them to come out themselves (by way of strangulation or hanging), or as weapons to kill or injure other inmates. The combination of over sized clothing and lack of fastening devices created the perfective aspect storm for falling pants. Many street hungry rappers latched on the robes of their incarcerated friends and family and brought the style to the surveyes. Thus a new trend was born and Nigerians have fallen into this trend Linguistic Imperialism Language is one of the forefront elements in identifying a particular culture and the absence of it makes a culture unidentifiable. It is vital for cultural contagious disease and preservation.With the gradual loss of our innate languages in Nigeria, what culture are we then preserving? Ogwu, M., Agbanu, N. and Ofordile, J. describes Linguistic Imperialism as batch who can relate with each other only through the medium of communication foisted on them by a former colonist are victims of a peculiar kind of Schizophrenia. The use of our language is declining in Africa especially Nigeria because we are compelled to embrace Western culture and civilization as Western language. Western language has created a division between an elite and mass of our people who still cannot do trade with overseas language. It causes alienation for people who cannot speak English or French. Language is a vehicle of culture we are in a very serious problem. e.g. Professor Babafunwa project on local language as a basic tool of teaching in Nigeria was aborted because of the nature of our country.Parents also do not encourage their children or wards to speak in their local language as they belief it causes setback in their education. Fashion imperialism You hardly find few of our men, women and the youths who still embrace our cultural mode of dressing. Our people are going gaga with the western way of dressing thereby losing their root of African way of dressing. Its quite unfortunate that when expatriates and tourist who come to Nigeria appreciate our native attire while the owners of the heritage has seen it as something of old school and fashion.Tattoos have also become a common phenomenon. Both the young and old are stamping themselves all over the body with symbolic devilish tattoos. Religious Imperialism Most churches in Nigeria today have gone the western way. When you go to some churches today, you marvel at the way some our ladies apparel. The custom-made of covering of hair has been eroded by the western way all kinds of dressing are acceptable. The men or young male adults put on all sort of jewels and dress haggardly. The sense of going to commune with God is lost.EFFECTS OF CULTURAL IMPERIALISM Moral DecadencyThrough the float of western culture into Nigeria through the advent of technology and globalization, there has been obvious moral decline in Africa and in Nigeria in particular. This moral decadence has permeated almost all spheres of our culture. Moral consciousness has been equated with awkward and odd life styles. According to Oshafu, H., in his article Cultural Imperialism, this issuinged due to Africas carelessness and failure to hold their culture with high esteem. He added that the moral excellence of African society has over night transformed into moral decay. Elders are no longer respected, our rapid festivals and ceremonies are now seen as old school and we now have children of single parents, a phenomenon that is identifiable with America. People no longer communalize, nobody wants to be anybodys brothers keepe r. Our mode of dressing has been totally distorted by western civilization through foreign films and media content.Today we seem not to have any cultural attire. Our people now pick to go naked on the streets as against our culture, micro minis with handless tops has this to show. The acculturation of blue jean and hamburger has gradually found it way into young people in African society. The issue of dress code has led to controversies in our high institute in today. Cases of flagitious dressing have also gave way to rapid sexual harassment among students and lecturers, bosses and their employees. Raping in our society today came as a issuance of reckless dressing code by ladies The traditional notion of chastity and virginity have been rendered absurd by pornographic and sleazy materials displayed on screens, distorting sexuality and condoning promiscuity, which has given rise to active homosexuality and lesbianism in our society today.These cases of reckless sex have led to t he rapid spread of STDs particularly, HIV/AIDs in our society today. Innocent children are dying of this disease. They paid dearly for the offence committed by their parents. This is immoral evil militating against the dignity of human person. Increase in Crime Rate With exposure to the western way of life, increase in crime rate is on high. Most of the films we watch on the television set are crime oriented thereby leading to increase in crime rate. In as much as there is positive impact of the television set, the negative aspect outweighs the good part, as the western world is teaching modern ways to crime though the kind of programmes being disseminated, which includes kidnapping, serial killing etc.Look for more pointsWe have scholars who however belief that Cultural Imperialism theory regardless of its negative effect has its positive side. Cultural imperialism they say is not entirely bad as it increases the gait of increment in Nigeria and other less developed countries. F or example, in the giving away of media products free of charge or considering them at a very low price to these developing nations, the US actually accelerates the growth of the media industry and the advancement in technology, hence increasing the knowledge and skills of the people there. Their actions not only add on to actual growth the subsequent increase in human capital further boosts potential growth, which is essential for the actual growth to be sustained in the long run. This togment in human capital goes a long way and benefits the country as it strengthens the competitive edge and increases productiveness of the workforce.Economic growth is also achieved Even more so, being a developing nation, Nigeria would not have had the latest technology available to produce media products it is only through the provision of the American companies that they are able to obtain state-of-the-art equipment. The advocacy of production of local-helmed programs would thus further enhan ce American influence on the nation. Despite government efforts to hinder cultural imperialism, they cannot completely eliminate the impacts of this influence as American media products have already found their way into the market and become a part of Nigerias media production efforts. They postulate such interference in order to keep their media industry alive WAY FORWARD persistent Term Investment in the Development of our stack MediaOne way cultural imperialism spreads is through the mass media. The local media imports foreign materials because it is cheaper than having to produce local indigenous content. An example of this issue is that indigenous journalists have to correspond to transcribe and rewrite news by foreign news agencies rather than source for their own stories. sometimes even rewriting local stories covered by the foreign news agencies. Our government and private investors should invest heavily in our local media and encourage the development of indigenous cont ent that will reflect our culture, values, shape up our languages etc. Media products like movies, news, music, advertising etc should be regulated to avoid the influx of foreign content. This is where organizations like the Nigerian Broadcasting Service come in. They should develop stronger laws and be strict in its enforcement of the laws such as the 60/40% rule (60% indigenous, 40% foreign). If the indigenous media products are of high quality, the citizens will be encouraged to consume them.This is so because a lot of people give the low quality of the products (movies, music, adverts, news etc) as reasons for not consuming them. If Nigerians consume indigenous media products, it will reflect in every area of our lives (culturally that is). An example is what is accident in the Nigerian music industry,. Because of the increase in local content in our music, it is now decorous acceptable and even encouraged to sing in our indigenous languages(Hausa, Yoruba, Igbo etc), dress in our native attires most especially Ankara and wear our national colors. There has been a rise in the popularity of Pidgin English as opposed to just speaking plain English. Also the teaching of our indigenous languages should be encouraged in our schools. All primary and secondary schools should be encouraged to teach at least one Nigerian language at all classes especially in the minority regions of the country where the minority languages are in danger of becoming extinct.Parents should further speak their native dialect with their wards or children to aid them to be familiar(predicate) in their local dialect. Young adults today see it as a taboo or as inferiority complex speaking in their local dialect it does not sound tush rather local parents more importantly should be more watchful and observant in the kind of foreign stations their children tune to for their programmes as media has become the primary means by which many of us see or learn about many aspects of the world a round us Stanley and Dennis, 5th edition,p.200). With the presence of technology, entranceway to International broadcast station is at the tip of the hand, we have cables surrounding us and with just a remote control, you can be anywhere in the world learning and assimilating what is been impressed on you. As such supervision is needed to regulate what is been watched.Parents should devout time for their children while they are still young as most of the western values tend to catch them while they are still young just as the catch them young phrase. Another solution is to try to export our own culture as this will help in boosting tourism in Nigeria. We should conscious try to sell and promote our media products to the rest of the world. This will improve our image globally and help foreigners understand our culture, values, cuisine better. I would like to say at this point that we should not consume wholly indiginous media products. A little foreign content is still advisable as there has been some good aspects of cultural imperialism such as technological and educational advancement, political structure (democracy), eradication of some harmful practices like the killing of correspond etc. We should take a balanced approach, like an 80 (indigenous))/20% (foreign).CONLUSIONAs a result of globalization and technological advancement, the western world has succeeded in dominating the third world countries. This notwithstanding should not be an excuse for Nigerians and other third world countries to be subjugated by the western world. Nigerian as a nation should fight cultural imperialism and fight back for our lost culture. One way by which this could be done is through Long Term Investment in the Development of our Mass Media as it is the major means by which cultural imperialism spreads.The local media imports foreign materials because it is cheaper than having to produce local indigenous content. An example of this issue is that indigenous journalists have to learn to transcribe and rewrite news by foreign news agencies rather than source for their own stories. Sometimes even rewriting local stories covered by the foreign news agencies. Our government and private investors should invest heavily in our local media and encourage the development of indigenous content that will reflect our culture, values, promote our languages etc.REFERENCESAnaeto, S. G., Onabajo, O. S. and Osifeso, J. B. (2008). Models and Theories of communication. African Renaissance Books Incorporated.Dare, A., (2010). The Effects of Western Civilization and Culture on Africa. Afro Asian Journal of Social Sciences (1/1) Quarter IVGrifin, E. (2000). A for the first time look at communication theory. (4th edition). Boston, MA McGraw- HillLittlejohn, S. W. (1999). Theories of human communication (6th edition). Belmont, CAWadsworth.Oshafu H. U. Cultural Imperialism. Accessed from http//www.buzzle.com/articles/culturalimperialism-examples.html on 12/11/2012.Ogwu, M., Agb anu, N., and Ofordile, J. (December, 2010). Sustaining Cultural ValuesThrough the Promotion of Indigenous Languages in Nigeria Journal ofCommunication and Culture International Perspective. (1/3), pp 76Schiller, H. I. (1976). Communication and Cultural Domination. Armonk, NY International Arts and Sciences Press. Accessed online on 29/10/2012.Critics of cultural imperialism theory. Encyclopedia of the New American Nation available Accessed at http//www.americanforeignrelations.com on 29/10/2012