Free Things They Carried Essays: Instinct :: Things They Carried Essays

Human Instinct in The Things They Carried   Fear is a strong emotion that is evermore haunting the minds of the men in Tim OBriens book, The Things They Carried. Fear is handled by different men in different ways. However, through the characters of Dave Jenson and Lee potty in Enemies and Friends, dickens opposing reactions can be seen. HCAL defines cultural studies as something that can ...either create community or cause division and alienation(240). By using cultural studies it is doable to analyze these two stories to understand why these two men react differently to he same emotion under different circumstances.   In Enemies, Jenson and Struck have a fight over a missing jackknife which evolves from a broken nose to a broken mind. The two men gravel enemies not only are they faced with the fear of war, but also of the fear of each other. Jenson was affected the most by this. He began to loose his sanity watching both the enemy lines and his own men trusting no 1. In an attempt to justify the fight with Struck, he breaks his own nose along with yelling and shooting off rounds of ammunition. The fear that built up inside of Jenson causes him to be alienated from the rest of the Army.   Unlike the prior story, in Friends, fear helps to fetch Jenson and Struck closer together. They are both afraid of returning from the war dismembered in some fashion. To prevent this, the men form a agreement that if one of them is hurt in such a way, that the other would kill them. Because of this pact, the men are united with a common trust. This helps to subside the fear and allow them to not be as scared of the war.   These two stories show how fear can cause the bond of friendship and community or hatred which resulted in alienation. The two character, Lee Strunk and Dave Jenson, show how a mans reaction to fear can affect him. In the story Enemies, Jenson slowly begins to isolate himself as a way to bear away from Strunk. He views everyone a s the enemy making his foxholes near the perimeter and always keeping his back covered. This constant fear ate way at Jenson until he finally lost his sanity. In Friends, Jenson and Strunk take deal with fear in a more positive way.

Letter to My Family :: Disease Outbreak Health Essays

Letter to My FamilyTo My Family,Where do I begin? I dont know how many Shellys piano concerts I missed for this stupid job. Shelly, if youre reading this, I am really sorry. I wish I could make amends but there simply isnt enough time. Jacob, I am sorry I look at to leave you even before I would see your first steps. Diana, my sweetheart, loving wife of 10 years, I owe you the most. All those nights that I stumbled rest home drunk. All those times that I hit you. I am sorry. I am a monster. I guess I do deserve to bump like this.Last month I didnt even know where the hell Zaire was. All I knew was that it was some poor backwards nation in Africa that we sold water filters to. Funny how things turn out, I am going to die in this god forsaken place. Twenty people in this village have died. The rest that havent probably wish they were. David is already dead. Honey, you remember David right? That junior assistant in our department I told you about? I never wish him. He died first too. Serves that prick right. He wanted to tag along on this trip hoping to attain valuable sales experience. Always kissing up to the boss, thats David. He started complaining about soreness and a headache. Then the day before he died, he vomited all over my briefcase after lunch. We thought he was just complaining as usual four nights ago, but in the morning we found him in his hut dead. I will never bar that sight. His eyes and mouth were both wide open and trails of dried blood ran from them. At first, we thought one of the villagers poisoned us or something. But then, one of the villagers started utter as loud as he could. He stumbled and ran in the woods afterwards. We never saw him again.I knew this was bad news already. But it only got worse. The UN family line showed up wearing suits that looked like they were taken straight out of a movie or something. They were all covered up and some of them even had type O masks. They prodded David like a dead cow and even stuck a few needles into him.

Gettysburg :: essays research papers

There is a lot to say about the Battle of Gettysburg. Many people investigate why this battle out of all others during the war was so great. Many questions were asked. Such as, what did they do for supplies? How did they live? What was the typical military scheme? I leave behind also answer many other questions to in this essay. Its really hard to believe the things I saw during the movie. It just makes wonder how stupid the judicature was to even think about starting a Civil War. Millions and millions of men died in this war. For what? Honor? I certainly think they did not die honorably, just now just went out there and got slaughtered.Although many people say that the Union and Confederate armies fought because of the importance of Gettysburg the thing is that it was just a small town bandaging then. Gettysburg was chosen because it was good ground. The Confederate army was passing through to go further north and invade the Union territory. The Union army was having the equ al idea about the south. Good ground was high terrain surrounded by trees. The role geography played in the war was that the army who was placed on the good ground would have a better position on the opposing forces.The officers and soldiers had different lifestyles during the war. The generals would be in cabins or log houses with plenty of supplies. The detain of the army had lived in tents with supplies, but not as much as the generals. So basically the higher your rank, the better you r living conditions were. Although living conditions were different, the strategy was similar. Many times the Union army had to play defensively. The development of trench warfare began. If supplies or ammo got too low, sometimes they would charge and attack the Southerners, corresponding Colonel Chamberlain did when he was defending the line. The Confederate army under the command of General Lee would march all the way to the gate and try to capture it. When in combat, both sides had the same ki nd of artillery. Soldiers used muskets and small handguns and generals on the other hand would ride on horseback with a sword and pistol. Another sign of weaponry that was used were cannons. Even though cannons were much more powerful, muskets were easier due to the fact that they were portable and fired rounds quicker.

Prejudice and Stereotyping in the Movie, Crash :: Film Movies Racism Race

Prejudice and Stereotyping in the Movie, CrashCrash is a movie that exposes different kinds of social and multicultural differences, giving us a pronto example of how these conducts affect our society. Two of the behaviors observed, are Prejudice and Stereotyping. Identified as the causes of where all the events eradicate.These behaviors are viewed as thoughts and feelings that almost everyone has felt more than once. In the archetypal scene we observe a Muslim man inside a firearm store, attempting to buy a gun. The owner is a white Caucasian young-begetting(prenominal) that presents a negative attitude towards the customer because of his Muslim background. This feeling triggers in the owner, negative attitudes based on the assimilation and stereotypes with the Muslim race. Being immediately associated with the Al Qaeda terrorist group, which was responsible for suicidal bombers that lead killed thousand of Americans. This negative attitude and violence observed in this particul ar scene, is an example of Prejudice, known as a negative feeling and predisposition of behavior towards a group or any member belonging to that group (**). It is an issue that although it has always existed in humanity, it would be though to have dissipated in the 21st century. Taking in count that now in the in days we are better sure and educated to understand that one groups actions shouldnt be applied to stereotype the whole race. As far as personal experience, living in Miami,-Florida, as a none-Cuban Latin, makes it easier to have an insight in all kinds of prejudice and stereotypes within the same Hispanic society. This behavior makes it hard to not feel negatively judged by others who do belong to the majority group. Unfortunately prejudice is not simply an attitude that remains internal to its owner it impacts behavior. When negative attitudes on the basis of differences translate into behavior, we have as a result, discrimination and the social inequity it produces. Th erefore, efforts to reduce prejudice are well advised to take the social context into consideration when counseling on the individuals attitudes. This is an issue not only found in America but in the whole world. In our global economy requiring functional and humble relationships between nations, prejudice and stereotypes can be a destructive force both in the world and in individual societies, especially in various(a) ones. Prejudice becomes threatening when it reaches its most extreme form, known as Bigotry.

The Genus Datura: From Research Subject to Powerful Hallucinogen :: Botany

The Genus genus Datura From Research Subject to Powerful HallucinogenDatura is one of the close interesting plants with hallucinogenic properties. Despite having a reputation as one of the darker hallucinogens, it has been widely used by societies historically in both the Old humans and the New, and continues to be today. For those interested in ethnobotanical uses of this plant world-wide, Datura is a fascinating topic. While being limited in its uses economically, the alkaloids contained in the plant have been in demand in the past and its application as a subject for botanical research is vast. Heiser has stated that Datura is a genus of contrasts - from smelly weeds to harming ornamentals. This paper will attempt to provide an overview of this varied genus, with specific attention being given to Datura stramonium, most common in North America.Datura belongs to the family Solanaceae, the nightshades, which Includes some 2,400 species in total (Siegel 198936). Other plants with narcotic properties in this family are mandrake (Mandrogora), belladonna (Atropa), henbane (Hyoscyamus), and tobacco (Nicotiana). Appropriately called the paradoxical plants by Heiser, this family alike includes such common food plants as the tomato, potato, and eggplant (Safford 1922539). There seems to be some disagreement as to how many sections and species belong to the genus Datura. Conklin (19763-4) states that herbaceous Datura is like a shot divided into five sections, while the older citation by Avery (195918) claims only four. in any case, this genus contains about ten different herbaceous species, the most classical ones being D. stramonium, D. inoxia, D. metel, and D. ceratocaula (Schultes 197941-42).Common names for Datura are numerous, some of the most common ones being raving nightshade, thorn apple, stinkweed, Devils apple, Jimson weed, and angels trumpet (Heiser 1969140 and Avery 195919). Datura discountnister be found throughout Asia, Europe, and the Americas as either native or adventive plants, and some have also been found in Africa and Australia (Conklin 19765). The epicenter of form of this plant is in the New World, specifically in Andean South America and in the southwestern United States/Mexico region (Lewis 1977423-4). This data correlates with the generally concord upon origin of Datura, although this topic was debated for some time. Researchers now believe the plant originated and evolved in Mexico and the American Southwest, followed by adaptive radiation into new desert environments (Conklin 19765).Today, Datura (mainly the species stramonium) can be found all over North America as a roadside weed, but never in mountainous or plant habitats (Hutchens 1991166).

The Genus Datura: From Research Subject to Powerful Hallucinogen :: Botany

The Genus genus Datura From Research Subject to Powerful HallucinogenDatura is one of the nigh interesting plants with hallucinogenic properties. Despite having a reputation as one of the darker hallucinogens, it has been widely used by societies historically in both the Old creative activity and the New, and continues to be today. For those interested in ethnobotanical uses of this plant world-wide, Datura is a fascinating topic. While being limited in its uses economically, the alkaloids contained in the plant have been in demand in the past and its application as a subject for botanical research is vast. Heiser has stated that Datura is a genus of contrasts - from smelly weeds to cover girl ornamentals. This paper will attempt to provide an overview of this varied genus, with specific attention being given to Datura stramonium, most common in North America.Datura belongs to the family Solanaceae, the nightshades, which Includes some 2,400 species in total (Siegel 198936). Other plants with narcotic properties in this family are mandrake (Mandrogora), belladonna (Atropa), henbane (Hyoscyamus), and tobacco (Nicotiana). Appropriately called the paradoxical plants by Heiser, this family as well as includes such common food plants as the tomato, potato, and eggplant (Safford 1922539). There seems to be some disagreement as to how many sections and species belong to the genus Datura. Conklin (19763-4) states that herbaceous Datura is at a time divided into five sections, while the older citation by Avery (195918) claims only four. in any case, this genus contains about ten different herbaceous species, the most historic ones being D. stramonium, D. inoxia, D. metel, and D. ceratocaula (Schultes 197941-42).Common names for Datura are numerous, some of the most common ones being raving nightshade, thorn apple, stinkweed, Devils apple, Jimson weed, and angels trumpet (Heiser 1969140 and Avery 195919). Datura sight be found throughout Asia, Europe, and the Amer icas as either native or adventive plants, and some have also been found in Africa and Australia (Conklin 19765). The epicenter of multifariousness of this plant is in the New World, specifically in Andean South America and in the southwestern United States/Mexico region (Lewis 1977423-4). This data correlates with the generally concord upon origin of Datura, although this topic was debated for some time. Researchers now believe the plant originated and evolved in Mexico and the Ameri pile Southwest, followed by adaptive radiation into new desert environments (Conklin 19765).Today, Datura (mainly the species stramonium) can be found all over North America as a roadside weed, but never in mountainous or forested habitats (Hutchens 1991166).

The Chancery Procedure in the Juvenile Court, in The Child, The Clinic, and the Court Essay

From 1899, the new chat up has ever handle three types of juvenile cases. These cases include kid neglect, abuse and former(a) billet offences. Juvenile delinquency cases atomic number 18 unlawful action that is performed by the minors which would therein be crimes if they were partaken by self-aggrandisings. Status offences are on the other hand non discoverlaw offences which are deemed offences if they are connected by the minors. The common examples of these term offences include running away and truancy. Till 1960s, both noncriminal and criminal behaviors were all considered to be forms of delinquents. Hence the law did not differentiate among delinquents and status offenders. In neglect and child abuse cases, the act allow for always provide protection for children who are abuse or neglected. In the social class 1994, delinquency cases made up to 64% of the total juvenile cases in these courts, with status offences making 15% and neglect and abuse cases making 16% of the total national juvenile court cases. I welcome discussed all these types of these cases below with the verbal description of these court processes that are knotted in the handling of these cases along with the current policy issues which are involved. It is worth noting that though these cases seem to be different from apiece other, there are some common themes and values which are applied in handling these cases. The intimately obvious of these is the judges which are handling these cases to furrow that these children need to be taken care of for their development in making legal decisions making much attention to the legal needs of children along with their families. Secondly, even out if the court is one of the institutions that work to the betterment of the families and children, it is posed with a unique and awesome power in delinquency, child abuse cases and the status offences cases. Juvenile court has powers to separate the children from their parents, can also order these minors to live in confined places, also they can end the biological right of relationship between a child and the parent and create for them other new parental rights.As these decisions are deemed to be very serious and fundamental to the well organism of children, ensuring these courts possesses adequate resources is very vital as it handles every type of cases. Judges require information, work qualified facilities and adequate training so that it can be able to handle these cases in the almost appropriate manner. Adequate re instauration of all the involved parties should always be in the court proceedings. All the communities need to have safe, effective program and placements which are available for children coming before the court. As it would be very clear from the subsequent discussion, these courts handle very difficult workloads and involves the most emotion laden and very controversial issues in most parts of the society. Because of this, these decisions have in many cases faced disagreements. The extent to which these cases should be equipped and spread out to equip them with the resources that are required for them to adequately perform their roles has formed basis of many discussions and debates.Lastly, as these courts make decisions which are very vital in the societal development, they are most often the subject of the social media and in most cases form the basis for political platform. So judges should always have the weight-lift to play leadership roles, both in the agencies which serve children and the broader community so as to encourage thoughtful and deliberative approaches to all these problems, instead of other approaches which are r severallyed hastily.DelinquencyThe juvenile handling of the delinquent case is the one which is always handled by these courts in the general public perception. When unlawful deeds are committed by the minors, these cases are usually brought under these courts as delinquent cases. These case s in most cases include petty theft, misdemeanors, vandalism and also some kind of felonies the likes of robbery and other aggravated assaults. The level best age handled by these courts are typically determined by the state laws. In the District of Columbia and other 37 states, the maximum age for this is 17 grades of age, in other 10 states it is 16 and in the rest 3 this is set to a maximum of 15 years.Currently these courts have become the centre stage for public concern due to the increasing number of crimes and the high rate of juvenile tie in crimes. Recently these courts have been criticized for their perceived leniency towards their decision on these juvenile delinquents. One of the best examples of this is the inability of these courts failure to impose sentences that go beyond 21 years of age. High visibility and serious tearing crimes that are committed by minors have always captured the public interests and attention drawing juvenile offenders hatchment to get toug her on crimes that have been popular politically for the past twenty years.This public fear of the juvenile court jurisdiction has resulted into some changes in the jurisdiction of the juvenile courts. Since 1992, the executive and the legislative branch in 41 states has hence limited the jurisdiction of the cases that involve chronic offenders, violent and shifted these court cases from their reconstructive tradition which have involved addressing offenders rather than the offences which has been committed toward a more punitive system which is foc utilize on the offence itself. For instance, 14 states in the year 1990 had to amend their codes to clearly list public safety as the sole purpose of the juvenile justice system the punishment is listed as either particular or one of the several purposes of the court system in 28 states. The most significant thing that has happened since 1992 is that all but 10 states have organise adult courts in a manner that they can be able to hand le juvenile cases. In most of the instances when the minors are convicted in the adult courts, it really posses a possibility that the minor may be sentenced to the prisons instead of being placed in juvenile facilities that offers rehabilitative programs.Even though the violent juvenile cases grab most of the interest and headlines from the media and tend to have the highest influence on the justice system, most of the juvenile courts handle less serious crimes. Mostly, the highest meter of cases that are handled by most of the juvenile courts involve cases like vandalism, motor vehicle theft in which they mostly belong to their parents and larceny cases. In 1992, police made a lot of juvenile arrests and contrary to the perception of the public the most serious charge was a property offence charge in the 57% of the total cases. Offences against persons like assault and robberies comprised of 215 of the total cases, disorder conduct which is a form of public order offence showed to be like 17% of the cases with the 155 being taken by the drug law violation.In spite of the young people being not disproportionately responsible for the most violent crimes, they always commit more than their share of property criminal offences. For instance in the year 1992, the youth aged between 10 to 17 years of age comprised 13 % of the US population and they were responsible for like the same percentage of their population of all the violent crimes which were committed in this year and they were responsible for more than 23% of the property crimes which is more than their proportion portion of their population.Purpose of the researchCurrently it has been more than 100th anniversary of these juvenile court approaches. This paper will provide an insight for the explanation of the cases that are handled by these courts along with the current trends and issues that have cropped up in these juvenile courts. The main final stage of this research paper is to present an apparent description of these courts today and hence address the future challenges along with the recommendations to be adopted. This paper majorly addresses the courts status and their ability to handle these cases along with the improvements that should be adopted for these courts to be able to partake their roles in the most appropriate manner.The research methodologyIn my info collection, I will employ both primary and secondary data methods of data collection.Primary methodsCensus- I will carry out census where I will talk to the many stakeholders and other involved associations and institutions although this method is somehow expensive because of the cost involved.Samples- I will sample out some of the involved people and stakeholdersObservation- I will visit some of the juvenile courts to get the real state on the ground.The secondary sources of data collectionQuestionnaires- I will develop many questionnaires which I will use to get the information required to carry out my research .Surveys- through the questionnaires, I will sample out and send some surveys to the stakeholders and these specialized institutions.Books, web, magazines, journals and other online sources- I will use the already available written materials to get complete insights on this topic.In my data epitome, I will include the following methods of data analysisContent probesThis is the most simple and widely employed method of data analysis. It can be defined as the systematic description of behavior which asks, who? Where and how? And what questions within a formulated set of rules so as to limit the effects of bias in analysis. It could be the most preferred technique which is employed to analyze semi-structured interviews and cognitive interview testing.Narrative analysis- I will employ narrative analysis to analyze data where I will focus on the peoples stories and how they think about the issue in question. Although I will not treat these stories as the true facts I highly employ them to get how people think and feel about these juvenile courts.3. Grounded TheoryThis is the most standard and determinate technique that is employed in analyzing social data. It uses hierarchical and systematic data set. It develops a set of inductively derived hypothesis that is grounded on the data.TriangulationIn this method of data analysis I will combine both the quantitative and qualitative data analysis to come up with a precise data interpretation.Data presentationIn my data presentation, I will employ many methods which would be very appropriate for this data.Frequency distribution tableIn this method I shall be focusing on the occurrence of a certain variable like a certain facility in the juvenile courts according to each state court system.Graphical methodsHere I will try to focus on the relationship of variables in the court system.ChartsThese will be used to show the extent to which a certain variable has been employed in the courts.ReferencesJulian Mack, The Chancery Procedure in the Juvenile Court, in The Child, The Clinic, and the Court (1925), p. 310.Julian Mack, The Juvenile Court, 23 Harv.L.Rev. 104, 119-120 (1909).Shears, Legal Problems Peculiar to Childrens Courts, 48 A.B.A.J. 719, 720 (1962)January 2007 publication, Californias Criminal Justice system.Vitaly Friedman (2008) Data Visualization and Infographics in Graphics, Monday Inspiration, January 14th, 2008.Lengler, Ralph Lengler, Ralph. Periodic circuit card of Visualization MethodsSource document

Political Legitimacy Essay

In specifying policy-making legitimacy. theoreticians Thomas Hobbes. John Locke. and Emma Goldman each(prenominal) put forth a distinguishable shape of set that frame their position on a governments even up to govern. Hobbes. a strong advocate to the unspoilt of self-preservation. claims that the fortress of life is the lone(prenominal) standard required for a political science to be accredited.On the other manus. John Locke believes that authoritiess should non merely continue life. but likewise let for single autonomies and shelterion of private belongings. while Emma Goldman maintains the belief that authoritiess use coercion to come away freedoms and hence should neer. under any fortunes. be considered legitimate.Lockes statement on political legitimacy. that more(prenominal) than merely one value is needed to do a legitimate authorities. is obliging because his standard protects more than merely the life of citizens. it allows for individuals to hold their ain auton omies free from an oppressive crowned head and clogs the dangers posed by unquestioning freedom. This paper will put up the lines of authorities for each theoretician and explicate why Lockes position on a representative authorities with separation of powers is more compelling than Goldmans absence of authorities and Hobbes belief in a autonomous regulation.Throughout his work entitled Leviathan. Thomas Hobbes argues that the right to self-preservation takes precedency above single autonomies. In the province of nature. fully grown male is given the right to make whatever he deems necessary to continue his ain life. Man can therefore commit hurt to some other(prenominal) adult male or his belongings if he thinks it is best to intimidate his ain life. This province of nature. being of course quarrelsome. leads to mistrust and competition. and encourages unsafe Acts of the Apostless and widespread fright. in that respect atomic number 18 no fixs on the hurts or retribution that can happen within this province and as a consequence. citizens find themselves in read of protection from the phalanx of others. The Hobbesian compact therefore creates authorities. by puting all power in the custodies of a crowned head. to squelch their frights and supply for their protection. therefore set uping a province of peace. In set uping a compact and a authorities. Hobbes provides the natural jurisprudence that a adult male be willing. when others are so excessively. as far-forth. as for peace. and defense mechanism of himself he shall believe it necessary. to put down this right to all things. ( Hobbes 80 ) .This means that in order to protect himself. and disaster others that desire their ain protection above other things. adult male will give up all of his rights to a autonomous regulation. Hobbes argues that failure to discover all rights to one swayer will put the compact back into a province of nature. The crowned head. holding been given all rights of the com pact has absolute power and can order all Torahs and grant or keep back all freedoms. He is non to stay by any Torahs himself. if so he becomes capable to the greenswealth that he regulations. hence give uping his absolute power.The compact nevertheless. is non obligated to obey the crowned head in the event that his regulation threatens their right to self- saving. This right being primary in Hobbes position is the lone thing which persons ought to put above all other duties. whether those responsibilities are to their crowned head or fellow adult male. If it happens that the crowned head is in any manner interfering with the right to self-preservation. a value held above all duties and autonomies of the commonwealth. members of the compact may withstand his bids and thrust themselves back into a province of war.This nevertheless. does non fade out the commonwealth it merely removes an person from the commonwealth. By fade outing authorities and the common wealth. the sovereigns remotion from power topographic points the compact into that same province of nature from which they came and they so must set up a pertly commonwealth and autonomous power. Therefore. the lone manner a autonomous power can be removed is upon decease. though this frequently consequences in the sequence of another crowned head. either by the predecessors pick or by election.Whereas Thomas Hobbes believes that an absolute autonomous authorities is the lone signifier of legitimacy. Emma Goldman differs by claiming that no authorities is legitimate because they take off freedoms. Goldman puts forth the theory that persons. given absolute freedom. have the ability to regulate themselves and coexist peacefully in societal harmony supplied by the solidarity of involvements. The menace of force and fear root from the coercive actions used by any and all spirit authoritiess.It is the belief that authoritiess prevent us from making what we want and force us to make things we dont want to. Goldman says. that allow authoritiess to rest on force. and are hence chimerical and harmful. ( Goldman 17 ) . These authoritiess harm persons by stealing in the signifier of revenue enhancements. and violent death in the signifier of war and capital penalty. ( Goldman 20 ) . Since anarchism claims that force by authorities injuries citizens. authoritiess can non supply protection for citizens.Because of her insisting that authoritiess. being coercive and harmful. are neer legitimate. Goldman fails to even see the beginnings of authorities and the bounds of their powers such as Hobbes and Locke have. She asserts that coercive authoritiess use the menace of force and force against citizens to command them. taking authoritiess to prosecute the absolute subordination of the person. therefore restricting all freedoms and autonomies that in a free province. the person would hold entree to. ( Goldman 19 ) .The subordination of the people by authorities. degrading the population to mundane obeisance. creates an environment that is colourless and spiritless. instead of adhering to the control of corrupt establishments. Goldman urges persons to interrupt the coercive clasp of authoritiess. withstand all authorization and prosecute the freedoms they would get within a province societal harmoniousness exempt from important regulation.Locke. keeping the belief that Hobbes rights of the crowned head would take to tyranny. and that Goldmans value of absolute freedom would bring forth a tripping and helter-skelter society without Torahs. makes a instance for authorities that combines the best of Goldman and Hobbesian theories. Lockes position on political legitimacy allows for a authorities with separate powers. so as non to go oppressive. and for autonomies provided to citizens under authorities regulation to promote freedom and fitity. Under Lockes province of nature. all adult male is made equal by the edict of God.Each adult male must continue himself. but bes ides under Gods power. has a responsibility to keep peace amongst the whole of world. This position of equality. over Hobbes factor of self-doubt. as a chief quality in the province of nature therefore leads to a more spread and equal authorities. as opposed to Hobbes authorities in which all power is placed in one swayer. In a Lockian authorities. power is shared into the legislative and the executive. this separation of power supports one individual from holding complete control over another. and the legislative and executive. harmonizing to Locke have regulations besides of naming and conveying the right to those who are to hold any portion in the public authorization. ( Locke 101 ) .This means that all legislative and executive organic structures of regulating are bound by the ain Torahs which they make. so as non to go corrupt. oppressive and bastard. Locke. in holding with Hobbes. realizes that authoritiess should be established for the protection of the people nevertheless he besides notes that protecting an individuals life should non be their lone map.The primary values Locke gives of life. autonomy and belongings. claim that authoritiess have a responsibility to non merely protect the life of an person. but protect their belongings and supply them with autonomies every bit good. He agrees with Goldman that the freedom of the person is an of import value non to be overlooked. and maintains the proviso that legitimate authoritiess must supply and protect citizens rights. Nevertheless. Locke does non travel so far as to vouch the absolute freedom that Goldman nowadayss.He predicts that complete freedoms will take society on a unsafe way and that Torahs are put in topographic point to patrol opportunisms and prevent adult male from doing fault to one another. Locke besides refutes the Hobbesian impression that merely the crowned head has the power to order which liberties to supply and which to keep back. He asserts that persons must be given key ri ghts which no authorization has the power take away. Sing belongings rights. Locke produces the Labor Theory of Value in which common belongings. when assorted with labour. becomes the private belongings of those who impenetrable on it.Governments can non apportion this belongings otherwise and it must be entrusted to its rightful proprietor. On the disintegration of authorities. Locke advances the right of the public to set up impertinentborn establishments of authorities if the former has become corrupt and oppressive. Locke approaches the disintegration of authoritiess by reasoning that persons have the right to arise against authoritiess that are found to be illicit. He claims that authoritiess are illicit when they are altered without the consent and contrary to the common involvement of the people. ( Locke 109 ) .He asserts that in this event. persons are obligated to arise and make a new regulating organic structure that responds to their wants. therefore giving rights of directing the authorities to its Godheads and keeping that the commonwealth is guaranteed some sum of power over its authorities. Lockes conception of political legitimacy is obliging because it allows for cooperation between the populace and authorities which prevents the possibility of dictatorship that is derived from Hobbes theory.His theory of legitimacy besides protects life. belongings and the autonomies of people while preclusion any dangers to the populace that can be drawn from Goldmans theory that no authorities is better than some authorities. At length. Lockes theory. which successfully combines the values of separate important powers. authorities protections. and single autonomies. establishes a society in which there is a just and equal relationship between the commonwealth and its opinion establishment.

Nur Jahan

Begum Nur Jahan (Persian, Urdu ) (alternative spelling Noor Jahan, Nur Jehan, Nor Jahan, etc. ) (31 May 157717 December 1645), also know as Mehr-un-Nisaa, was Empress of the Mughal Empire that covered much of the Indian subcontinent. She was an aunt of Empress Mumtaz Mahal, emperor butterfly Shah Jahans wife for whom the Taj Mahal was made. Begum Nur Jahan was the twentieth and favourite wife of Mughal Emperor Jahangir, who was her second husband. The story of the couples infatuation for each other and the relationship that abided between them is the stuff of umpteen (often apocryphal) legends.She body historically significant for the sheer amount of imperial authority she wielded the true superpower behind the throne, as Jehangir was battling serious addictions to alcohol and opium throughout her reign and is known as one of the most powerful women who ruled India with an iron fist. Contents hide 1 Birth 2 Marriage with Sher sheepskin coat 3 Marriage with Jahangir 4 Mughal e mpress 5 Death 6 Nur Jahan in pop culture 7 See also 8 References 9 Further reading 10 orthogonal links editBirthKandahar (Candahar), Nur Jahans place of birth, is now southern Afghanistan Nur Jahan was born on May 31 1577 in Kandahar (now in Afghanistan) to traveling Persian, Mirza Ghiyas Beg from Tehran (now in Iran). Her Persian-born grandfather, who was in the service of Shah Tahmasp I, died in Yazd, laden with honours. His heirs, however, soon fell upon hard times. His son Mirza Ghias Beg (known as Itmad-ud-Daulah, Pillar of the State, a title conferred on him by Akbar) travelled to South Asia with his family where he rose to become an administrative official in the Mughal court of law.For their journey, Ghias Beg and his wife, Asmat Begum, joined a caravan travelling southward nether the leadership of a merchant noble named Malik Masud. While still in Persian territory, less than half the way to their destination, Ghias Begs party was attacked by robbers and the family lost intimately everything it owned. Left with only two mules, Ghias Beg, his expectant wife, their children, Muhammad Sharif, Abdul Hasan Asaf Khan, and one daughter, took turns riding on the backs of the animals.When the group reached Kandahar, Asmat Begum gave birth to her quaternth child and second daughter, Mehr-un-Nisaa. editMarriage with Sher Afghan Mehr-Un-Nisaa was married to Sher Afghan Quli Khan when she was seventeen in 1594, the marriage consistent by Akbar. Sher Afghan was the governor of Burdwan, in Bengal. In 1605, Mehr-Un-Nisaa gave birth to a daughter, also called Mehr-Un-Nisaa (later at court she was named Ladli), Mehr-Un-Nisaa was the one and only child she ever had. In 1607, Sher Afghan Quli Khan was killed during a mis down the stairsstanding.During this time Sher Afgan Quli Khan had held the title of Sher Afgan, granted to him by Jahangir as Quli save his life from an angry tigress. Also, during this time, Jahangir may have been asking Sher Afgan Quli Khan to give Mehr-Un-Nisaa to him, for his harem, although the truth of this is uncertain, as Jahangir married her in 1611, after she had been at court (see below) for four years. editMarriage with Jahangir The Mughal Emperor Jahangir and Prince Khurram with Nur Jahan.The emperor Akbar died in 1605 and was succeeded by prince Salim, who took the regal name Jahangir. After her husband Sher Afghan (who was appointed as jagirdar of Bardhaman, a city in Bengal) was killed in 1607, Mehr-un-Nisaa became a lady-in-waiting to one of the Jahangirs stepmothers, Ruqayya Sultana Begum. Ruqayya was the most senior woman in the harem and had been Akbars first and principal wife and was also the daughter of Mirza Hindal. The father of Mehr-un-Nisaa was, at that time, a diwan to an amir-ul-umra, decidedly not a very high post.The year 1607 had not been particularly good for Mehr-un-Nisaa. Her family had fallen into disgrace. Her father, who had been holding important posts under Akbar and Jahangir, had suc cumbed to his only weakness, money, and had been charged with embezzlement. Moreover, due to possible involvement in the pro-Khusrau assassination attempt on Jahangir in 1607, two of Mehr-un-Nisaas family members (one brother named Muhammad Sharif and her mothers cousin) were executed on the orders of the Emperor. In March 1611, her fortune took a turn for the better.She met the emperor Jahangir at the palace meena bazaar during the spring festival Nowruz new year. Jahangir grew so infatuated by her cup of tea that he proposed conterminously and they were married on May 25 of the same year becoming his twentieth wife. editMughal empress Silver coins minted with Nur Jahans name on it. For Mehr-un-Nisaas own immediate family, marriage to Jahangir became a great boon with several members receiving sizeable endowments and promotions as a result. This affection led to Nur Jahan wielding a great deal of actual power in affairs of state.The Mughal state gave absolute power to the emperor , and those who exercised influence over the emperor gained immense influence and prestige. Jahangirs addiction to opium and alcohol made it easier for Nur Jahan to exert her influence. For many years, she effectively wielded imperial power and was recognized as the real force behind the Mughal throne. She even gave audiences at her palace and the ministers consulted with her on most matters. Indeed, Jahangir even permitted specie to be struck in her name, both(prenominal)thing that traditionally defined sovereignty.Through Nur Jahans influence, her family, including her brother Asaf Khan, consolidated their position at court. Asaf Khan was appointed grand Wazir (minister) to Jahangir, and his daughter Arjumand Banu Begum (later known as Mumtaz Mahal) was wed to Prince Khurram (the future Shah Jahan), the third son of Jahangir, born by the Rajput princess, Jagat Gosaini. Jahangirs eldest son Khusrau had rebelled against the Emperor and was blinded as a result. The second son, Parv iz, was weak and disposed to alcohol. The fourth son was Prince Shahryar, born by a royal concubine.Khurram rebelled against his father and a war of succession broke out. Due to Khurrams intransigence, Nur Jahan shifted her support to his younger brother, Shahryar. She arranged the marriage of her own daughter Ladli Begum, born of her first marriage, to her stepson Shahryar. 1 The two weddings ensured that one way or another, the influence of Nur Jahans family would extend over the Mughal Empire for at to the lowest degree another generation. Jahangir was captured by rebels in 1626 while he was on his way to Kashmir. Nur Jahan intervened to get her husband released.Jahangir was rescued but died on October 28, 1627. After Jahangirs death, Nur Jahan devoted some of her life to the making of perfume, particularly using falanja, an art form her mother had passed down. editDeath Nur Jahans Mausoleum in Shahdara Bagh, Lahore, Pakistan When Jahangir died in 1627, Nur Jahans brother Asaf Khan took the side of his son-in-law Khurrum against his sister. It was Khurram who became the new Mughal emperor under the regal name Shah Jahan. Nur Jahan was confined to a comfortable mansion for the rest of her life.During this period, paid for and oversaw the construction of her fathers mausoleum in Agra, known now as Itmad-Ud-Daulahs Tomb, and occasionally constitute Persian poems under the assumed name of Makhfi. 1 Nur Jahan died in 17 December 1645 at age 68, and is buried at Shahdara Bagh in Lahore, Pakistan in a grave accent she had built herself, near the tomb of Jahangir. Her brother Asaf Khans tomb is also located nearby. The tomb attracts many visitors, both Pakistani and foreign, who come to enjoy pleasant walks in its gardens.

Christian Ethics in A Complex World Essay

In 2002 the book entitled Choosing the Good Christian Ethics in A Complex World was by Dennis Hollinger was published. It gives an overview of the Christian ethics in todays beatd world. It is indeed a precious and unique book that assesses the framework and perspective of Christian ethics in relation to well-disposed issues. The approach is designed to widen initial ideas about relations among different races, policies, human sexualities, economics and many more.The approach of the author is very unusual that make the book more likeable. Hollinger wanted to connect his beliefs to his readers in a way that he wanted to entail something in choosing to do what is good and right. In any social issue at hand there is always an equivalent step by step framework to be followed. The books weakness are the lengthy statements that bores readers easily, It may mislead readers since comprehension may be hard to acquire. It would be better if the author wrote it in a direct to the stoppag e manner.There are cases presented in the book that aids readers how to carefully analyze a real life scenario. It would be better for people not to complicate things as it is better if problems are looked down easily. In general the book is awesome since it tackles about foundations of ethical theories. Hollinger outlines much of the essential data needed so that readers will understand the areas of pastoral care, Christian ethics and its interconnection with public policy.An overall generalization is also given to see what does the author wanted to imply in this beautiful book. There were also judgments and ethical commitments presented in the second chapter of the book. The issues involving postmodernity and modernity treatment s discussed. But this is the chapter that lacks focus because vague explanations were given on how the society operates in modernity but does not make t in academics. The enticing part is that third part of the book presents figures about news report tht guides readers on deciding in this contemporary world.A survey of recent Christian Ethics by Edward LeRoy is part of the book for readers to see an accurate statistics of the publics opinion. Biblical ethics is also presented that shows a indistincter connection of choosing to do the good things in life. The best reference is still the Holy Scriptures. Talking about culture and its relation to faith is also presented by Hollinger in this book. He cited examples like the delineation of Christ and Culture by Niebuhr and how the church is placed in the center of a more organized society.Christ should still stand up amidst the complexities of things I every culture. As the author concludes the book the moral delegate before the Christian church today is immense. But God has called us, as he called Esther long ago in Persia, to be a divine mien for such a time as this (Hollinger, 2002). For good to succeed it is our duty to devote our moral commitments against the complex world. It i s in humility that people can examine goodness and it is God who is the true foundation of everything we do (Hollinger, 2002, p. 272).The book is designed to let readers be aware that choosing good should incorporate a broad and deep understanding of the word goodness. Having reflections on the book made it easier for readers to understand what he is trying to point out. It is recommended to discuss a book like this in the classroom scenario so that all students ma practice the ethics of goodness inside the classroom and spread it outside as they grow. References Hollinger, D. (2002). Choosing The Good Christian Ethics in A Complex World. USA Baker Academic

History of Death Penalty in the Philippines Essay

The history of the end penalisation was extensively discussed by the Supreme motor inn in People vs. Echegaray.1 As early 1886, capital punishment had entered the Philippine legal system through the old Penal Code, which was a modified variation of the Spanish Penal Code of 1870. The revise Penal Code, which was enforced on 1 January 1932, provided for the death penalization in specified crimes under specific circumstances. to a lower place the Revised Penal Code, death is the penalty for the crimes of treason, correspondence with the enemy during times of war, qualified piracy, parricide, mop up, infanticide, kidnapping, rape with homicide or with the riding habit of deadly weapon or by two or more persons resulting in insanity, robbery with homicide, and arson resulting in death. The list of capital offenses lengthened as the legislature responded to the emergencies of the times.In 1941, Commonwealth conduct (C.A.) No. 616 added espionage to the list. In the 1950s, at the height of the Huk rebellion, the government enacted Republic fare (R.A.) No. 1700, otherwise known as the Anti-Subversion Law, which carried the death penalty for leaders of the rebellion. From 1971 to 1972, more capital offenses were created by more laws, among them, the Anti-Hijacking Law, the Dangerous Drugs Act, and the Anti-Carnapping Law. During martial law, presidential Decree (P.D.) No. 1866 was enacted penalizing with death, among others, crimes involving homicide committed with an unlicensed firearm. In the aftermath of the 1986 revolution that dismantled the Marcos regimen and led to the nullification of the 1973 Constitution, a new constitution was drafted and ratified.The 1987 Constitution provides in Article III, Section 19 (1) that ebullient fines shall not be compel, nor cruel, degrading or inhuman punishment inflicted. Neither shall death penalty be imposed, unless, for compelling reasons involving monstrous crimes, the Congress hereafter provides for it. al l death penalty already imposed shall be reduced to reclusion perpetua. Congress passed Republic Act No. 7659 (entitled An Act to Impose the Death Penalty on Certain Heinous Crimes, Amending for that Purpose the Revised Penal Code, as Amended, Other Special Penal Laws, and for Other Purposes), which took effect on 31 December 1993. editIllustrative casesAs a result of the abolishment of the death penalty, existing penalties for death were reduced to reclusion perpetua, in spite of appearance the possibility of cry. Here are illustrative cases The case of People of the Philippines vs. Quiachon3 involves an accused who raped his 8-year old daughter, a deaf-mute. Under Article 266-B of the Revised Penal Code, the imposable penalty should have been death. With the abolition of the Death Penalty, however, the penalty was reduced to reclusion perpetua, without the possibility of parole under the Indeterminate condemnation Law. The case of People of the Philippines vs. Santos4 involves the rape of a 5-year old child.The accused was meted the penalty of death because rape committed against a child below seven (7) historic period old is a dastardly and repulsive crime which merits no less than the imposition of capital punishment under Article 266-B of the Revised Penal Code. The disapprobation was also reduced to reclusion perpetua, without the possibility of parole. The case of People vs. Salome5 involves a rape of a 13-year old girl (who got pregnant), committed in a dwelling and with the advocate of a bladed weapon. The imposable penalty should have been death, but with the abolition of the Death Penalty, the Supreme Court reduced the penalty toreclusion perpetua, without the possibility of parole.The case of People of the Philippines vs. Tubongbanua6 involves the murder of a victim who suffered 18 stab wounds which were all directed to her chest, heart and lungs. Considering the existence of the qualifying circumstance of evident premeditation and the aggrav ating circumstances of dwelling, and winning advantage of superior strength without any mitigating circumstance, the proper imposable penalty would have been death. However, with the abolition of the death penalty law, the penalty imposed was reclusion perpetua, without the possibility ofparole. http//phbar.org/wikilaw/index.php?title=Death_Penalty_Law(1) Excessive fines shall not be imposed, nor cruel, degrading or inhuman punishment inflicted. Neither shall death penalty be imposed, unless, for compelling reasons involving heinous crimes, the Congress hereafter provides for it. Any death penalty already imposed shall be reduced to reclusion perpetua. In mid-1987, a bill to seeking to reinstate the death penalty for 15 heinous crimes including murder, rebellion and the import or sale of prohibited drugs was submitted in Congress. 1988In 1988, the military started lobbying for the imposition of the death penalty. Then Armed Forces of the Philippines Chief General Fidel Ramos was b raggart(a) among those calling for the reintroduction of the death penalty for rebellion, murder and drug-trafficking. The military campaign for the restoration of the capital punishment was primarily against the CPP-NPA, whose offensives then included urban assassination campaigns. Anti-death penalty groups including Amnesty International opposed the bill, but the House of Representatives voted for restoration by 130 votes to 25. 1989Three similar bills were put before the Senate. After a crashing(a) 1989 coup, President Aquino certified as urgent one of these bills on the prompting of Ramos. The said bill again proposed death penalty for rebellion, as well as for sedition, subversion and insurrection. 1990Ramos systemA series of high profile crimes during this period, including the murder of Eileen Sarmenta and Allan Gomez, created public impression that heinous crimes were on the rise. The Ramos administration succeeded in restoring death penalty. 1992President Fidel Ramos duri ng his first State of the Nation address declared that his administration would regard the restoration of the death penalty a legislative priority, and urged Congress to take nimble action. 1993Republic Act No. 8177, which mandates that a death sentence shall be carried out through lethal injection, was approved on March 20, 1996. Estrada administration seven death convicts were executed during the Estrada administration before he announced a moratorium on executions. 1999 Leo Echegaray, 38, was executed by lethal injection on February 5, 1999. He was the first to be executed after the Philippines restored death penalty. It was the Philippines first execution in 22 years. Six more men followed within the next 11 months.2000On March 24, 2000, Estrada imposed a de facto moratorium in observance of the Christian Jubilee Year. He also granted 108 Executive Clemencies to death convicts.On December 10, 2000, Human Rights Day, Estrada announced that he would commute sentences of all death convicts to life imprisonment. He expressed his desire to certify as urgent a bill seeking a repeal of the Death Penalty Law.Arroyo administrationPlease see Gloria Arroyo on death penaltya timelineWhile the Arroyo administration has been characterized by a flip-flopping stand on death penalty, no death convict has been executed under her watch. Voting separately, the two Houses of Congress on June 6, 2006 repealed the death penalty law. Arroyo signed Republic Act 9346 on June 24, 2006.Section 1. The imposition of the penalty of death is hereby prohibited. Accordingly, Republic Act No. Eight kB One Hundred Seventy-Seven (R.A. No. 8177), otherwise known as the Act Designating Death by Lethal Injection is hereby repealed. Republic Act No. Seven Thousand Six Hundred Fifty-Nine (R.A. No. 7659), otherwise known as the Death Penalty Law, and all other laws, executive orders and decrees, insofar as they impose the death penalty are hereby repealed or amended accordingly.Sec. 2. In lieu of the death penalty, the following shall be imposed.(a) the penalty of reclusion perpetua, when the law violated makes use of the nomenclature of the penalties of the Revised Penal Code or (b) the penalty of life imprisonment, when the law violated does not make use of the nomenclature of the penalties of the Revised Penal Code. Sec. 3. Person convicted of offenses punished with reclusion perpetua, or whose sentences will be reduced to reclusion perpetua, by reason of this Act, shall not be eligible for parole under Act No. 4180, otherwise known as the IndeterminateSentence Law, as amended.

Bumrungrad International Hospital

TEAM Pangaea head infirmary IT Infrastructure Problems, and Implementations Prep bed For A. Therapy Piccalilli Dry. Scripps Plankings An protactinium Honorable English Instructors Prepared By Terrace Tiramisu Eukaryote Lackawanna Chauncey Returnables Picaroon Running Natal Superpose Contents Introduction There is no doubt that engine room has become a great p cheat in our lives, and the importance of it is admittedly increasing as eon passes by. The longer the time passed, the more essential engineering exit be toward our d completely toldy routines.When It comes to In doation Technology or IT, It Is hard to believe that there Is m any(prenominal) sensation out here who did not actu completelyy go to bed about IT. The definition of IT, according to Walked, Is plain the application of calculators and telecommunications equipment to store, retrieve, transmit and manipulate conductive information, often in the context of a tune or other computer or the net make for of compu ters, further it includes all the technologies that help distri anding the information, for instance, televisions and teleph onenesss.Therefore, there are actually a bunch of industries related to information technology, no matter if they are computer ironware and software system, internet, e-commerce and other computer-based services. As same as technology, IT has been developing continuously during the bygone years and the range of the applications is getting wider and wider twenty-four hours by day. Nowadays, many a(prenominal) an(prenominal) companies adapted the IT scheme into their keep lodge as the communication is the key in developing a successful organization. With the help of IT agreement, masses wrong the organization could transfer with distributively other faster, easier, and more reliable.The loss of communication, or even a small glitch in the communication process, major power slow down the decision making process which, in some cases, could call clog up the termination of the company itself. In comparison, if any company has a good IT arranging in their possession, the company could accomplish so much beyond imagination the company top executive be candid of working more trunkatically and have the upper slip away in the competition. Thus, the IT musical arrangement is con casered one of many signifi stick outt factors in bringing more revenue to a company and guaranteeing the well- macrocosm of a company as well.From the vision of the exe riseive manager of Vanguard Hospital, the economy of Thailand could be substantially developed which the results could be seen in the near future. As a consequence, they gathered all the spate involved in the placement of the infirmary and came up with the plan for the business in order to make sure that the infirmary has the capability to report the continuous growth in the amount of longanimouss in for each one year in effective manner. For the current situation, it seems like it is the scoop opportunity for the IT to save the dayCompany Description Vanguard Hospital Public Company Limited (the Company) runs a famous private infirmary business in Bangkok, Vanguard Hospital. The infirmary was established in 17th September 1980 in the form of private hospital on Summit Road, which is considered as one of many business districts in Bangkok. In an average of 1. 1 million patients (both inpatients and outpatients) were accommodated by this hospital annually about half of the figure is foreigners from all over 190 countries sphericly. In the past 2013, the company earned around 14,651 million baht from the given services.The hospital started in 1980 with 200-bed luck with 90 million Thai baht investment. Currently, the hospital has approximately 580 definitive bed and support the total capacity of over 5,500 outpatients daily. On the 1st January 1997, the ewe main facility building named Bandager International was first utilized. The 12-storey buildin g is known to be the largest private hospital compound in Southeast Asia which is equipped with underground parking lot and the international standard rooftop helipad for helicopter landing. Later on, in 2008, the outpatient clinic facility was opened.This outpatient clinic facility is a 21 -storey building with a parking lot that supports about 700 cars, spacious sky lobby on the 10th floor for business negotiation, international medical cooperation, and even visa extension services, and extensive range of in advance(p) medical equipment. The cashier and the pharmacy customers. Moreover, other than Wi-If, LCD directories, and TVs, there is in addition an automated lab so leadd faster and more liable results allowing the doctors to coming the customers files from intimate their exam rooms.With the utmost concern about the quality of the health misgiving services given by the hospital, this company pays duplication attention in the process of recruiting the physicians and staf fs. Presently, there are more than 4,800 employees, 1,200 internationally certified doctors and dentists, and 900 nurses working internal(a) the hospital. Since the company has been kicked off, the company has been continuously providing complete health accusation services for both inpatients and outpatients with extra precautions.Taken all of dedication into account, there is no question that this company is one of the confidential information health care providers in Thailand and in Southeast Asia. According to Oversimplifications. Com, Vanguard Hospital is considered one of the worlds popular medical tourism destinations. In the past 2012, the hospital serviced about 520,000 international patients who seek for high quality, International standard services, and the lower cost healthcare. Vanguard Hospital is the first Thai candidate that sure the US standard certification from Joint Commission International OIC Accreditation).The hospital has also been given the Chics Clinic al Care Program Certification (CAP) for specialties programs including the Primary touch Program, Acute Myocardial Infarction, Diabetes Mellitus Type I and II and Chronic Kidney Disease Stage I to V. Other than that, the hospital also received many accreditations from many other famous institutions in both international and domestic levels, including the Thai Hospital Accreditation (HA). The company later Joined the public market and being enlisted on the Stock Exchange of Thailand in 1989.The majority shareholders in the hospital can be classified into companies in Thailand and other countries such as Bangkok Dusts medical checkup Services Public Company Limited, Bangkok Insurance Public Company Limited, Bangkok Bank Public Company Limited and the Sycophantic family, which is one of Thailand leading business families, Limited, and HASH (Singapore) Nominees Pete Ltd. Mission, Principle, and Policy The hospital was established with the main objective to make sure the world class ta nkard healthcare service would be provided to the customers with care and compassion.It has been in operation(p) with the issue forthing principles 1 . Strive to exceed our customers expectations 2. Committed to our Medical and Hospital staffs welfare, education, training and development. 3. Continuously improve the safety and quality of the services. 4. Strive for captain excellence and innovation in the services. 5. Embrace cultural diversity with Thai hospitality. 6. Strive to make the services World Class. 7. Being trustworthy, honest, and act ethically in all the dealings 8. Work as a team ND share what is known. 9. Highly value the corporate social responsibilities (CARS) 10.Operate in an surroundingsally responsible manner. After reading the points above, it might seem like all the company thinking is about themselves, but actually, the company has also been operating with the global environment and conserve energy and natural resources. To make sure that the environment go outing be prissyly preserved, the hospital maintains a serious aim to follow the regulation enacted by the government and the world standards. Moreover, the hospital is also very careful about the water guidance system to prevent the eater streams close the hospital from getting polluted and affect the neighboring community.Corporate Social Responsibility (CARS) Corporate Social Responsibility (CARS), in a nutshell, is the responsibility towards the society and the environment of an organization. In other words, CARS is a systematic management under good morals, which leads to a sustainable development of an organization. For Vanguard Hospital, the Vanguard Hospital Foundation (UHF) was set up in May 1990 as the CARS of the company. The UHF is a registered non-profit foundation founded by the founders of Vanguard International Hospital.The foundation is involved in many clement activities for those unprivileged Thai citizen all around the country who did not receive a prope r healthcare services with the intention to promote their well-being and to give them proper knowledge of being healthy. Any donation made to this foundation can be characterd to reduce the tax (tax-deductible). Recent fund-raising programs and activities of this foundation are as follows 1 . 50 Pediatric nubble Surgeries This is a follow up campaign after the 72 Pediatric Heart Surgeries. In this campaign, 50 unprivileged people go away be selected to get the heart surgery without being charged a single baht. 72 Pediatric Heart Surgeries 3. Mend-A-Broken Heart good- give Heart Surgeries This campaign was established in 2001. In cooperation between UHF and other business entities, 20 unprivileged people were selected to get free heart surgery. 4. Thompson Fund planetary Free Clinic The UHF and Thompson Fund cooperatively sent out mobile free clinic to give medical care to 100,000 people in underprivileged area. 5. Charity Medical Relief The UHF and the Bangkok Insurance Company work together to send out the officers to help many people in Saxon angora and Musician province every single year.They also uncover them to more Job opportunity and offer them chances to improve their quality of life. 6. Patients in acquire The foundation offers the financial aids to those who are in charter of medical supporter but cannot afford the medical treatments. Other than offering decent healthcare to those who are unprivileged, the foundation also aids those people in the field of education by giving them proper education, training, and also scholarships for children with insufficient budget. This foundation gets the specie from the donations received from the patients of the hospital, other business entities, and even each individual person.Anyhow, the foundation does not only rely on the donations but also fund-raisin events and charitable art exhibitions. Additionally, the UHF also concern about those who are underprivileged in other countries as they have starte d charity such as, eyes operation for Laos take in who got a piece of the bomb embedded in the eyeball. Current Status, Direction, and Goals Judging from the information above, it can be clearly seen that the status of this company is on the acclivitous trend with increasing number of patients in each year.It seems like the longer humans live in this cruel world, the more natural selection is Charles Darwin which simply implies that only the strongest will survive. More people are getting infected by some new diseases that no one has ever seen before. In fact, it is positive that no matter how strong a person is, everyone needs to be treated by doctors even once in a blue moon. Thus, the healthcare provider as Vanguard Hospital is becoming more and more profitable compared to other good or service providers.This is the main reason wherefore Vanguard Hospital is keeping on developing the hospital to provide better healthcare services to those who needed to be treated. Position in the strategic Impact Grid The Development of Vanguard Hospitals IT System In the year 1997 The hospital was facing trouble as Thailand faced the economic crisis as it affects the heart and soul class people which are considered the main customer base of the hospital. Thus, all the people chose the hospital that is operated by the government with lower payment.Under the circumstances, the hospital saw the opportunity to expand the customer base to international level. At the end of this period, the hospital received ISO 9000 Certification. In the year 1999 The hospital started to use the internet as the mean for information distribution. At the time, the hospitals website had been visited for about 800 views per day. In the next revolution, the hospital brought in the US IT Consultant Service and started up the company called Global Care answer (GAS) in Thailand for assembling the system for the hospital.Later on, during December of the same year, the Hospital 2000 was implemented as a substitute for the older platform. The software was regarded as the first hospital system that connects everything together from the front office, system for doctors, pharmacist, nurses, and radiologist, patients registration, time schedule of the operating room, exam room, and wards to the patients profiles. The hospital invested on 450 clients to be set up around contrasting sections of the hospital. In the year 2002-2004 The Hospital 2000 system was developed to support PASS (Picture Archive Communication System).The hospital got reward from the Intelligent Enterprise Asia magazine for being 1 in 20 top organizations that uses IT to maximize the ability to provide the services to the customers. The hospital also got an appraised from CIO Asia for being top 100 organizations that implemented the hospital information system. In the late 2003, the hospital invested on another 450 clients which causes less system breakdown as increase the uptime for 99. 99% In the year 2007 Mi crosoft took over the Global Care Solution (GAS).As a result, Vanguard Hospital is now not only a user but also another unseeyn hand in the development of the system. In the year 2008 Microsoft started launching Microsoft amalgam which is the combination of Xiii and Hospital 2000. The hospital also started using more sophisticated technologies inside the outpatient facility, for instance, Wife internet, LCD directories, automated lab for more precise and faster exults, online patient registry, diagnostic image that the doctors can get at. Later on, management for inpatients. The head of using robot came up from the concern the safety of the patient.From implementing the robot, the hospital can spend less time on the medicine of each patient. Other than that, the hospital also started up the laptop rental service for the inpatients. The laptop was designed to use inside the hospital as it is attached to the table on the side of the patients bed and it is equipped with silicone k eyboard, sterilized optical mouse, WebMD for video conference, and voice-over system. Hospital 2000 Hospital 2000 is the system specialized for hospital systems with the scope of almost every legal action inside the hospital.For the usage inside the hospital, the system has the capability to handle the information of the patients or other employees, transaction processes, accounting, pharmacy, registrations, human resources, and even the patient transfer processes inside the clinic. All these sub functions are collected inside one big database in one system that supports almost every language available on this world. Microsoft Amalgam Hospital Information System (Amalgam HIS) Amalgam HIS is the developed version of Hospital 2000.This sophisticated system was designed to systematically take care of the IT system inside the hospital by collecting all the necessary data inside the database. Amalgam HIS was created based on the Electronic Medical Record (EMMER) which is sedate to pati ent management, bed management, operating room management, pharmaceutical management, and even management system for radiologists. In addition, the system is also capable of storing and transferring the image data (IRIS/PASS), doing some complex accounting calculation, and managing both inventories and human resources.PASS (Picture Archive Communication System) is the system produced to digitally store the medical images and x-rays results without using any film. By using this system, the doctors could access the images by using the Internet from remote distance. In addition, the system also allows the long-term storage. In the normal situation, where the physical films are used to store the images, the images could be changed or damaged as time passed by and not to mention that it took so long to find the record in the form physical films whenever it is needed.Thus, using PASS will elf ease out all the processes for easy retrieval and increase reliability. Current IT Infrastructure s At the moment, Vanguard Hospital is using the Amalgam Hospital Information System (Amalgam HIS). This system has been implemented in the hospital since 1997. Thus, the information system for Vanguard Hospital is considered an essential component in the management processes that occur inside the hospital. It is clearly seen that if it is not because of the marvelous IT system, the hospital might not be able to come this far as one of the best hospitals in Southeast Asian region.The actors who are involved in the system are as follows 1 . Doctors The Amalgam System takes a great assort in helping the doctors to look at the overview of the profile of each patient. The doctor can glance at the profile of the patient and suddenly have the desire of who they are treating which will prevent any mistakes from happening. Another good point is that the doctor can write the medicinal prescriptions and schedule the next try-on via the online system.The appointment and the prescription will then be sent to the cashier and the pharmacy so that the patient will safety of the patient, the system also provides options for the doctors available for operating the patient as each doctor has different specialty and different schedule. The system will filter out the doctors who are the best for operating each specific patient. However, it does not mean that every doctor knows how to use the system. The elder doctors might not be accustomed to using the IT system and the part-time doctors might think that it is unnecessary to learn how to use the system as the come from time to time.To handle this problem, the hospital decided not to banish the old IS system which is manually writing the prescriptions and recording the patients records. The information recorded manually will be transferred to the QUA section in which the information will be recorded into the system to make sure that the information of the patient will be available by the next time the customer uses the hospita l service again on the dot as same as other patient that the information were recorded by the doctors.By implementing this IT system, it ensures that the hospital is using its resources of 1,200 doctors efficiently and the customers can be assured that the beguile healthcare will be given to them as the total amount of the patients will be distributed equally among doctors to ensure the maximum ability n providing the services. 2. Hospital Officers Every hospital employee is obligated to know how the system works no matter if they are the receptionists, accountants, nurses, radiologists, pharmacist, or even human resources.All the officers will have to work in harmony to be able to maintain the fast-paced work and provide the information needed in a short period of time. Although all the systems are connected together, it does not mean that everyone will be seeing the same information. As an example, this is what happens in steps when Mr.. A visited Dry. B. Mr.. A visited Dry. B i n he year 2012 with the symptoms of Acute Tuberculosis. Later on, in 2014, Mr.. A came back to the hospital again with the intestinal infection which he was assigned to Dry. C. Dry. C will be able to see the whole medical report of Mr..A including the medicines that he is allergic to, who was his former doctors, what were his symptoms, and all the medical implications. When Dry. C wrote the medical prescription, the lists of medicine will be sent to the cashier and the pharmacy. The pharmacy will only see the lists of the medicine that Mr.. A will get so that they could pack everything he movement while the cashier will only see the list of the medicines and the price so that Mr.. A will be charged correctly. These two departments would not be able to see the medical report related to Mr.. A. When the pharmacy packed all the medicine for Mr..A, the total amount of each medicine inside the inventories will be updated which will be easier to keep track of all the drugs inside the sto cks to prevent those drugs from running out. In case that the report is needed, the system also provide the function to generate the report of the patients who were treated by Dry. C in each day. With the help of the system, all the information from the doctors to other departments and employees will be synchronised which will increase the speed, reliability, precision, and accuracy of the service that will be provided in daily routines. . Patients Other than hospitals employees, another actor that cannot be neglected is the patients. Patients are considered an chief(prenominal) part in the development of the hospital system as the system was designed for convenience of the customers and to reduce the waiting time. Moreover, in case that the patient is make up to be transferred perhaps in the form of hard copies or CDC. While those data re being transferred, the copy of the data will still be inside the hospital system in case that the patients wanted to be transferred back for f urther medical treatments. . Executives When it comes to the executive officers of the hospital, it is important that they can get the boilersuit status report of the hospital whenever it is needed. The report that is provided by Amalgam HIS is in the form of interactive report in which the executive can sit back and relax as the report generated will make the analysis process a whole lot easier. For simplicity, the interpretation will be made from the data collected from each patient.As soon as the report reaches the executives, for example the CEO, the CEO will be able to notice the trend of the symptoms at the moment so that the hospital can be prepared for the situation that might happen in the future. 5. The competitors The competitors of Vanguard Hospital are not only private hospitals but also those hospitals that operate by the government. It is easy to say that Vanguard hospital is one of the first hospitals that implemented the hospital information system. But as time pass es by, the IT system becomes more affordable for every organization.The competition becomes more and more intense s more hospitals also implemented the IT system which will introduce newer dimensions of giving the services to the customers luring in more customers. Though the system that the other used might not be as good as what Vanguard implemented but it surely enough to become more frightful business competitor. Workflow inside the Hospital 1 . Make an appointment The patients can choose whether they want to make an appointment using telephones or using the online services. For the foreigners, they can make schedule an appointment on www. Vanguard. Mom where they can select the doctors that they wanted to get treated from. . The patient reached the hospital When the patients arrived at the hospital, they need to hand in the patient card or tell them the patient id in which the id will be keyed into the system to report that this patient has already arrived at the hospital and i s ready to be called into the examination room. 3. Preparation of the patients profile As soon as the patients have confirmed an appointment with the hospital, the hospital needs to prepare the profile of that patient before they even reached the hospital.With the information, the nurse in each counter will be able to make a schedule for the doctor and get the attain ready whenever they arrived at the hospital. 4. Seeing the doctor The doctors inside the examination room will be able to see how many patients are waiting for the examination. Moreover, the doctors also can access the profile of each patient to see the former medical diagnosis, drug allergic history, all the taken lab results which can be changed into the form of graphs for analysis. 5.Lab & X-Ray results Whenever the doctors see that the extra labs need to be tested on the patient, the direct order from the doctor will be sent directly to the lab and x-rays room. Nowadays, there are many technologies and one many inte resting break by means ofs is the digital x-rays which allows the doctors to get the x-rays results digitally without using any film. 6. Payment When the patients got the medical care that they need, the payment information and the information about the patients insurance policy will be sent to the accounting and financial department.In this step, the patients queuing sit still and wait for the system to manage their queues and call out their names. 7. Get the medicines Practically, when the doctors ordered the medicine, the prescriptions will be automatically sent to the pharmacy. Thus, the patients can get their medicine as soon as the patients made the payment. 8. Executive operations The executive officers can access the system to get the overall analysis of the current situation for management and make plans for the future.In the data analysis, the system will use the system called OLAP (Online Analytical Processing) which is already pre-equipped in the Microsoft SQL Server. O LAP helps the executives in gathering the information from the data warehouse for analysis, for instance, the proportions between domestic and international patients, the nation where the international patient are from so that the hospital will be able to get the translators ready for assisting the international patients who are incapable of communicating directly with the doctors.Hardware Development For optimum efficiency, the hospital chose the computer system from Dell which is believed to be more stable compare to other brands. Since the computer system from Dell has been implemented, the hospital admitted that the expenses of the hospital were enormously reduced that the left hospital with enough budget to invest on another secondary storage blank space, which will manage the data in real-time manner, to prevent any system failure. In the hospital system, there consisted of 4 servers from Dell, 1 main memory, and 6 desktop computers connected in the form of cluster.Moreover, the hospital also set up extra 450 computers around the hospital to support the increasing amount of patients. For maximum functionality and for ease of accesses, the hospital also spent some amount of money on 100 laser printers and 120 scanners to keep the data of the patients. In the term of system functionality, if in case of an emergency that the power supply of the system was cut off, the system will be automatically shut down and rely will cause devastating damages to the system. Thus, the hospital made the decision to use the Infrastructure system offered by the APPC.The Infrastructure is the architectural design for data center IT room, which is scalable and adaptable, that dramatically reduces time and complexity from concept and design through installation. This Infrastructure system is composed of 2 40 KAVA N+l Redundancy UPS systems. The two systems are working in harmony in load sharing manner. Each UPS system will be powered from different sources from different sides of the building to ensure the maximum security from the electrical problems that might occur.If something happened to the first UPS, the other UPS will be able step up and take all the workload. From doing so, there is less probability of system failure and all the systems that are essential for providing the services to the customer will work continuously. Another good point of this APPC system is that there is built-in self-test software called Powerhouse which will automatically do the self-test to find if there is any hardware in the system needs replacement.If the software found out that there is actually a hardware that needed to be replaced, the software will notify the arson who is in charge of taking care of the data center to replace the hardware without turning off the whole system. For the linkage of the system, Vanguard Hospital entrusted the Motorola, Inc. To together, the hospital used more than 300 wireless switches and access points. For the switch, the Motorola RE FORMS Wireless Next Generation, which is capable of layer-3 roaming, was utilized.The layer-3 mobility allows the users to roam without losing its IP address and sessions which is great for large areas with many stories as the users can use the network while they are walking with the maximum bandwidth ND noise-free. This is considered as something that can benefit the hospital in the long run. This wireless system can be used not only by the users but also the doctors and other staffs as well to ensure the availability of the data in real-time in the range of 90,000 square meters of the hospitals area.For security issue which is the main key in the designing process of the hospital system, the security system invented by Motorola, the Wireless Intrusion Protection System (WIPES), is taking care of everything software package Development As has been mentioned above, the hospital has implemented the Amalgam HIS to ease up the work processes of the doctors and other employees by makin g everything faster, more convenient, more effective, more precise, and easier for maintenance. not to mention that using the system will also make the communication with the users more understandable and more cost-effective.The system works dependently with the Microsoft Windows Server 2003 and Microsoft SQL Server 2000, which is the software for managing the database. All information will be kept inside one big database inside the IT department which causes the hospital system to be in the form of computerized system in which every department ND every computer can communicate with each other via computer system. No matter in what direction that the patients were leaded to, the computer system can help the hospital to prepare what is needed in a short period of time.Nowadays, many people are getting treated by the hospital in each day which means high amount of the transaction between each department in each day. Thus, the system needs to be scalable the hospital can add in more ma chines or take out some machines to be appropriate with the number of patients at the specific period of time. In the software perspective, the system needs to be adaptable, reliable and e ready for any further system expansion in the future. The Amalgam HIS can be divided into 3 tiers. . Presentation degree This tier includes all the 1,000 work station across the hospital which are used to get the data by accessing the central database of the Amalgam HIS that is set up of the machine that runs on Microsoft Windows 2000. 2. Middle Tier The middle tier is in between the presentation tier and the database. Here, the Windows Server will be regarded as the Transaction server which is the main medium in managing the flow of the transactions that are being sent to the database.When the transactions were generated, they will be sent to different servers to prevent one specific server from overloading. An extra server can be added whenever it is needed to handle the customers need without having to shut down the whole system. All in all, the hospital got a lot of assistance from the software from Microsoft as the software allows the hospital system to work faster, more consistent, more precise, and also help the hospital to control the number of employees needed inside the hospital. 3. Database Tier All the information that will be processed by the

Tapsihan

KAHITSAN (Sizzling Tapsihan) By Camille Hazel Diaz To Ms. Girlie L. Fernandez A thesis submitted in Partial fulfillment of the requirements for the bachelor of Science in Business Administration Major in Marketing Management ABE International Business College-Fairview March 20, 2013 INTRODUCTION Tapsilog is an original dishful of the Filipinos which became a favorite since it was first created. Tap means tapa, Si means sinangag or fried rice and Log for itlog or egg. This kind of food is democratic for Filipinos due(p) to its tenderness and tastiness with the combination of fried rice and egg.Kahitsan is sm wholly eatery concept offering high quality yet affordable traditional Filipino food. It was originated from the word Kahit Saan, the word we used to hear every time we ask someone where they want to eat. This concept was build to let the nation know that Kahit Saan besides exist as a small eatery providing wide varieties of filipino dishes. Kahitsan is located at the eastern end of Claro M. Recto Avenue due to high density of colleges and universities put in in the area.It serves a variety of mouth-watering Sizzling Silog Meals such as TapSiLog, ToSiLog, CornSiLog, SigSiLog, PorkSiLog, BurgerSiLog, HotSiLog, ChixSiLog, and LongSiLog with a combination of Bulalo Soup. The gravy made it even more delicious and serves it on a sizzling plate. We offered a delicious and affordable price that gives a satisfaction to our customer that they surely get what they paid off. THESIS STATEMENT Nowadays, people tend to eat outside due to busy days. Some students were not able to bring their own baon especially colleges. KahitSan renders services to valuable customers.Our main site market are students and other professionals who work near into our location. Kahitsan maintains product consistency to provide the customers the same high quality they received every time they go to our place. Our strategy is to build more customers in order to increase revenue. Unlike o ther small eatery, kahitsan have separate take-out payoff for those customers who prefer to eat at different place, this will also be an advantage because kahitsan will be able to receive additional income even the place were full of customers. We also provide loyalty cards for an effective way of increasing sales from a specific customer.This card will be showed when they order to us. Effectiveness of this card is due to the provided sense of and it additional value to customers gives the feeling of value. SALES TECHNIQUES Kahitsans strategy is based on delivering a strong customer value proposition in a niche market. Our location is full of colleges and professionals that do not have endless opportunities for dining out. Our competitive edge is to be the first eatery tapsilogan along Claro M. Recto Avenue, in a friendly, non-smoking, customer-oriented dine in experience and first to have its separate takeout counter.To drive customers to Kahitsan, we will employ several technique s outlined below. * Coupon verifier will be given to people who passed by our store to inform them about our menus. * Flyers will be used for the advertisements which bring in customers. * (Word of Mouth) Encourage customers to call on regular customers, and to tell all their friends and acquaintances about the great experiences and time that they shared to us. * Facebook Fan Page is an essential tool to promote my business. * Barkada Meals good for 3 to 5 persons. SALES OPERATION/SERVICESKahitsan will be operating for 14 hours from 7am in the morning up to 9pm in the evening. Well be planning to open our store forwards from our competitors so early risers will tend to eat breakfast in our place. Our products will be served fast and ready to consume and will be an utility(a) to the usual fast-food options available in todays market. Kahitsan will not operate its business on Sundays to give our employees a rest. Checking of inventories on Sundays will be an advantage so we will k now the food supplies we need to replenish for the whole 6 days operation. Take-out counter Kahitsan will be providing a separate takeout counter for those customer who wants to buy our products and serves as pasalubong for their families, friends and colleague * 15 tables (good for 4 persons) Kahitsan will be having 15 tables with a minimum of 4 chairs each table to suits those customers who came with their friends. It is conk out to provide a large no. of tables instead of a few which pushed the others to arrive another place instead of waiting others to finish eating. POS (Point of sale) system all in all sales data will be logged on our POS system so we can track our sales automatically instead of just writing it on a paper. * Loyalty cards After 10 meals purchased, the 11th will be less 50% discount. * Bulletin Kahitsan kahitsan will be announcing some promos to be posted in our bulletin. MENU Tapsilog P40. 00 Chicksilog P45. 00 Hotsilog P40. 00 Sigsilog P45. 00 Barkada Meal P95 Silog MealsPriceDrinksPrice TosilogP40. 00 Coke 8ozP12. 00 Cornisilog P40. 00Coke 1L P30. 00 LongsilogP40. 00Mountain Dew P20. 00 Burgersilog P45. 0Mineral irrigate P12. 00 Porksilog P45. 00Water P0. 00 PROFIT SALES per dayper month Tapsilog P40 x 30 = P1200 P32400 Longsilog P40 x 8 =P320 P8640 Hotsilog P40 x 7 =P280 P7560 Cornsilog P40 x 5 =P200 P5400 Tosilog P40 x 5 =P200 P5400 Chicksilog P45 x 20 =P900 P24300 Sigsilog P45 x 25 =P1125 P30275 Porksilog P45 x 10 =P450 P12150 Burgersilog P45 x 10 =P450 P12150 Barkada Meal P95 x 5 =P475 P12825 Extra Rice P8 x 80 =P640 P17280 Coke 8oz P12 x 10 =P120 P3240 Coke/Sprite 1L P30 x 5 =P150 P4050 Mountain Dew P20 x 3 =P60 P1620Mineral Water P12 X10 =P120 P3240 TOTAL GROSS SALESP6690 P180630 EXPENSES EquipmentsP25000 Rent ExpenseP12000 Salary ExpenseP25000 Food Supplies ExpenseP55000 Utilities ExpenseP4000 Miscellaneous ExpenseP10000 TOTALP121000 SALESP180630 LessEXPENSESP121000 NET PROFITP59630 (monthly) CONCLUSION KahitSan is stra tegically located at Claro M. Recto Avenue serving not only large no. of students but professionals as well. KahitSan will be providing a hassle free service to all our valued customer especially for those who finds place to eat and just relax for a little time.Our main goal is to gain more customers and retain those that frequent our service by giving them an excellent customer service. Responsible profit will fairly compensate and reward employees for their hard work, loyalty and commitment. Kahitsan will find different ways that will make our customers satisfied with our service. The market will definitely respond and grow quickly on the next 3 historic period and establish 2 store locations in different place. BIBLIOGRAPHY http//www. bplans. com/healthy_restaurant_business_plan http//www. entrepreneur. com. ph/board/index. php? action=search2 http//en. wikipedia. org/wiki/University_Belt

Pfizer Marketing Strategies Essay

Pfizer Inc., discovers, develops, manufacturers, and markets leading prescription medicine for humans and animals and many of the worlds best-known consumer brands. Their innovative, value-added products improve the quality of life of people around the world and help them enjoy longer, wellnessier, and more than productive lives. The lodge has terce business segments health c ar, animal health and consumer health cargon. The top three worldwide pharmaceutic companies in gross revenue are from GlaxoSmithKline, Pfizer and Merck respectively. In 2001, Pfizer increased its market share and became the sales leader. They have continued to lead the industry since. The main reason for their tremendous growth is that their pharmaceutical products are able to improve the quality of life of their customers. Those products are Aricept, Celebux, Diflucan, Lipitor, Neurontin, Norvasc, Viagra, Zithromax, Zoloft and Zyrtec.Research and development is vital to the achievement of any pharmaceutica l society. Pfizer spent 7.1 billion on research and development in 2003 this is the only pharmaceutical community that is capable of investing this much. Their future, as one company, with a single purpose and mission, is sharply defined. Pfizer Inc. wants to be the company that does more good, for more people, than any other on the planet. Innovation is critical to improving health and sustaining Pfizers growth and profitability. They are deeply committed to meeting the ineluctably of their customers, and we constantly focus on customer satisfaction.Pfizer is now implementing a strategy to drive performance within the global business, building on the business model and management ethic that they applied in the United States. The most important precedence is to improve sales performance through the launch of crude pharmaceutical products, encourage doctors to continue to place existing products, and attempt to increase consumption and enlarge the over-the-counter market. Pfiz er is a strong and reliable brand, with a solid competitive position and diversified product line that appeals to a wide customer base. However, Pfizer needs to communicate with their clients more effectively in order to capitalize on their opportunities. Their current objective focuses heavily on increasing profitability and sales volume of the late-fangled products, such(prenominal) as Lipitor,Norvasc, Celebrex and Neurontin. They are seeking to increase efficiency by reorganizing of the structure of the company.Pfizers focus on research and development is matched by an equally strong emphasis on marketing. The company promotes its human pharmaceutical products to health care providers including doctors, lactate practitioners, physician assistants, pharmacists, pharmacy benefits managers, and managed care organizations. Pfizer also promotes its products directly to consumers in the U.S. via direct-to-consumer (DTC) print and television advertising. Pfizer has responded to the Food and medicine Administrations 1997 decision to loosen restrictions on DTC advertising of prescription drugs by increasing DTC promotional spending distributively yearPfizers strong marketing and sales operations have enabled the company to become the partner of choice for the marketing of innovative products developed by others. Pfizer is extremely skilled in creating coalescencys with other pharmaceutical companies via co-promotion agreements. Through co-promotion and licensing agreements, Pfizer promotes and markets such highly promising products as Celebrex, Bextra, Aricept, and so on with alliance partners. Pfizer provides cash, staff, and other resources to further develop, market, promote, and sell the products in exchange for a share of revenues.For the over-the-counter market, Pfizer advertises in newspapers, magazines and uses extracurricular media, especially for essential pharmaceutical products. An example would be the cardiovascular medicine LIPITOR. Potential c ustomers adopt product knowledge through advertisements when reading newspapers and popular magazines. For doctors, Pfizer spends a substantial tot up of money for physician-type advertisements, such as small catalogs, relevant posters, printed 3D diagram regarding the specified product because the doctor is their main customer. formerly the patient is exposed to the advertisements inside the clinic, they have more product knowledge and confidence.Pfizer continues to have sales promotions each year to support the 2-3 products they develop annually. These sales promotions are focused onhospitals and general practitioners. Before the new product is going to launch, Pfizer announces relevant details to these people first and advises them of all of the available support. Once launched, a clinical study paper and samples are delivered to the doctors when Pfizer representatives are visiting them. Antibiotics are classified into four groups Penicillin, Quinolones, Macrolides and Cephalo sporins. Patients forget develop a resistance through continued use of same antibiotic, which is why Pfizer continually develops new antibiotics. Sales promotion, advertising, and product knowledge are all very important aspects of marketing for Pfizer to launch their new products.While Pfizer has a publication of strong products in its portfolio, it is Viagra that has received a large amount of attention recently and its succeeder will be important for Pfizer. However, the huge salute of Viagra has been a highly discussed issue, with a number of governments struggling to reach decisions over reimbursement issues. However, Viagras high cost may lead to the use of cheaper, alternative treatment for the condition. There have also been a number of resort issues surrounding the use of Viagra. Because of the high consumer awareness of Viagra due to extensive media coverage, the continued safety concerns, combined with the impending launch of alternative oral treatments, this could h ave a significant adverse come upon on the sales of Viagra. Pfizer appears to have continued high expectations for Viagra, possibly implying an over dependence on the success of one product. The high sales and marketing investment by Pfizer to promote Viagra could damage the companys profitability if revenues from Viagra do not live up to expectations.Pfizer is a company that has a stronghold on its market, due to having superior research and development department, as well as one of the most innovative ways to approaching potential customers and business partners. All of this contributes to their competitive advantage and enables the company to always stay a step ahead of their competitors. Although the health care industry is ever ever-changing and threats and opportunities often appear, Pfizer has a stable base for the future in this business field. As the company aphorism states Life is our Lifes Work